摘要
日本的佛教濫觴于六世紀,佛像和佛經從百濟傳到日本。當時與高句麗呈敵對態勢的隋朝,有和百濟、日本交好,共同對抗高句麗的政治需求。佛教向日本的傳播正是在這一背景下進行的。其後,日本派出遣隋使和遣唐使,直接從中國學習佛教。這時的佛教帶有鎮護國家的目的。《仁王般若經》等佛教經典中有轉輪聖王思想,卽王以佛的身份統治國家。這一思想早在南北朝的梁國就有實踐,在隋、唐乃至新羅、日本也得到重視,在古代國家統治思想方面發揮了重要作用。在奈良、平安時代卽中國的隋唐時期,日本不僅在寺院講《金光明最勝王經》,也在宮中講讀這部護國經典。當時宮中最大的歲時活動是正月的御齋會,御齋會的儀禮空間充分考慮了釋迦牟尼本尊和天皇的位置關係,在空間上將兩者一體化,可以説是朝廷在佛教儀禮上對轉輪聖王思想的實踐。
Japanese Buddhism was first introduced to Japan from Baekje(百濟),in the Southern Korean peninsula around the 6th century.The Chinese Sui Dynasty was at war with Goguryeo(高句麗)in the northern Korean peninsula at the time and planned to unit Baekjeand Japan against them.This was the driving force behind the birth of Japanese Buddhism.Japan then sent envoys to the Sui and Tang dynasties to study Buddhism.They were instructed in the Buddhist theory of“Chakravarti(Sanskrit)(轉輪聖王)”,which is meant to achieve peaceful governance by casting the ruler as Buddha.Ancient China.Korean and Japan came to practice Chakravarti theory.Buddhism rituals were held at not only temples but also in the Imperial court during Nara and Heian eras.A New Year's event called“Gosai-e(御齋會)”was the biggest Buddhist ritual held in the court.The main event in Gosai-e was a sermon about Suvarna-prabhāsa Sutra(金光明最勝王經)by monks.This article focuses on the position of the Emperor and Buddha in the ritual.Gosai-e was a ritual intended to show that the Emperor and Buddha were one in the same.
作者
梁青(譯)
Matsuo Koichi;Liang Qing
出处
《中国俗文化研究》
2022年第1期120-132,共13页
Studies on Folk Literature
