摘要
蘇州顧愷之祠的最早記載,出自崇禎年間的顧氏家譜《武陵小史三編》。蘇州顧愷之信仰的真正核心是顧愷之賑灾放糧的故事。濱島敦俊曾指出江南地區類似傳説中不忍百姓挨餓,擅自放糧賑救鄉親,最後自殺的押糧官是“施米神”,關于他們的信仰是以保護漕運傳説爲核心,是由他們的子孫所編造出來的。這個結論也適用于蘇州的顧愷之信仰。顧愷之祠的出現,折射出明代以來蘇州地區所承受的繁重的税糧,這是該地區施米神傳説總是以饑荒爲背景的根本原因。顧愷之信仰也反映了1430—1451年蘇州地區政府官員對税糧徵收制度持之不懈的改革,改革者得到了當地人民的高度評價和衷心愛戴。
This research focuses on the Gu Kaizhi Shrine in Suzhou,examining its earliest documentation found in the Gu family genealogy book titled“the Third Volume of Wuling Chronicles”(《武陵小史三编》)during the Chongzhen period.The core aspect of Gu Kaizhi's belief system in Suzhou revolves around the compelling narrative of his philanthropic actions during times of natural calamity,particularly his efforts in providing relief and distributing food supplies.Scholar Hamashima Atsutoshi(濱島敦俊)has previously highlighted the presence of similar legends in the Jiangnan region,where officials,known as the“Rice Offering Deity”,clandestinely distributed grain to alleviate famine,subsequently leading to their own tragic demise.It is argued that these beliefs were fabricated by their descendants,with the central motif being the protection of the grain transportation system.This assertion also holds true for the veneration of Gu Kaizhi in Suzhou.The emergence of the Gu Kaizhi Shrine signifies the enduring burden of the rigorous tax and grain system that Suzhou has experienced since the Ming Dynasty.The prevalence of famines has consistently provided the contextual backdrop for the legends surrounding the Rice Offering Deity.Furthermore,the belief in Gu Kaizhi reflects the unwavering reform efforts undertaken by local government officials between 1430 and 1451 to improve the tax and grain collection system,resulting in profound admiration and sincere devotion from the local populace.
出处
《中国俗文化研究》
2023年第1期87-109,共23页
Studies on Folk Literature
基金
江蘇省社科應用研究精品工程課題重點項目“蘇州顧愷之祠文創融合研究”(21SYA-015)的階段性成果
关键词
顧愷之
陸雲
施米神
漕運
Gu Kaizhi
Lu Yun
Rice Offering Deity
grain transportation system
