摘要
我国行政性垄断规制中滥用行政权力排除、限制竞争的行政主体需要承担相应的法律责任,但参与行政性垄断的经营者却极少被追究责任,其非法获利也未能受到妥善处理。究其原因,在于现有规制体系没有规制行政性垄断经营者非法获利的法律依据,亦缺乏具有解释力与支撑力的相应规制理论框架。应当以“恢复原状”理论为基础,短期内应通过强化行政主体履行责令改正的责任以处理经营者的责任问题,长期内应修订法律,并根据经营者在行政性垄断中的主观状态及实际作用,完善行政性垄断经营者的责任形式,明确规定并用罚款与没收违法所得的方式来规制经营者的非法获利。
The regulation of administrative entities abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition is an important task of China s anti-monopoly law enforcement.Administrative entities that abuse administrative power to exclude and restrict competition in administrative monopolies should bear corresponding legal responsibilities.However,operators involved in administrative monopolies are rarely held accountable,and their illegal profits have not been properly dealt with.The reasons are as follows.On one hand,there is no legal basis for regulating the illegal profits of operators in administrative monopolies in the existing regulatory system,and law enforcement agencies find it difficult to regulate the illegal profits of operators in administrative monopolies.On the other hand,academia lacks a corresponding regulatory theoretical framework with explanatory power and support.There are deficiencies in regulatory theories,making it difficult to effectively guide regulatory activities in practice.At present,there are several theories on regulatory theory in academia,such as“identity theory”,“deterrence theory”,“fault theory”,and“unjust enrichment theory”.These theories have their advantages and to a certain extent justify the regulation of the illegal profits of operators in administrative monopolies.However,these theories only support the regulation of the illegal profits of“actively participating”operators in administrative monopolies and encounter theoretical obstacles when dealing with“compulsorily participating”and“passive”operators in administrative monopolies.Therefore,it is necessary to absorb the advantages of existing theories and construct a“restitution”theoretical framework that can adapt to different types of operators in administrative monopolies to support regulatory activities.The regulation of the illegal profits of operators in administrative monopolies should be based on the“restitution”theory.In specific measures,it should be implemented in two steps.In the short term,with the help of the existing“order for rectification”system,by strengthening the administrative entity s responsibility to perform“order for rectification”,the administrative entity that abuses administrative power to exclude and restrict competition can correct wrong behaviors and confiscate the illegal profits of operators under the joint supervision of superior administrative entities and anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies.In the long term,laws should be revised to stipulate the corresponding legal responsibilities that operators in administrative monopolies need to bear and stipulate that the illegal benefits obtained by operators from administrative monopolies should be regulated.On one hand,according to the subjective state and actual role of operators in administrative monopolies,the forms of responsibility for operators in administrative monopolies should be stipulated.It should be stipulated that the illegal profits of operators should be regulated using“fines”and“confiscation of illegal gains”.On the other hand,it should be stipulated that illegal profits should be regulated,and the method of“replacing confiscation with fines”should not be adopted.To determine the amount of illegal gains more economically and efficiently,various business information can be taken into consideration and the practice of estimating profit margins by industry in Japan can be borrowed.The amount of illegal gains is presumed,and then the operator can defend against it.Then,we can reach the amount of illegal profits.
出处
《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第12期41-52,共12页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
反垄断法
没收违法所得
责令改正
经营者非法获利
行政性垄断
anti-monopoly law
confiscating illegal profits
order for rectification
illegal profits of operators
administrative monopoly
