摘要
在全球气候变化和城市化进程加速的背景下,地下建筑空间的水灾逃生问题日益突出。研究以深圳市某高校科教综合楼地下实验室为案例,开发了基于Unreal Engine游戏引擎的地下建筑水灾虚拟逃生严肃游戏平台。该平台融合了建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)、流体仿真和严肃游戏模拟技术,通过BIM模型识别建筑逃生路网,并结合虚拟逃生试验获取逃生路径的评价指标数据。此外,采用客观权重法(Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)对评价指标进行客观赋权,计算逃生路径的综合得分,实现了多目标决策下的最优逃生路径识别。研究开发的严肃游戏平台为地下建筑水灾应急逃生提供了创新的分析和决策工具,对提高地下建筑安全性和应急管理能力具有现实意义。
The challenge of optimizing flood evacuation routes in underground building spaces was tackled through the development of a serious game platform that integrates Building Information Modeling(BIM),fluid simulation,and gaming technologies.The methodology consisted of three main steps:identifying escape routes using Building Information Modeling(BIM),developing a virtual flood simulation,and implementing rules for simulated crowd behavior.Three key performance indicators were established for evaluation:Required Flood Egress Time(RFET),Flood Actual Escape Distance(FAED),and Flood Safety Risk Index(FSRI).The Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method was utilized to objectively assign weights to these indicators,facilitating a comprehensive evaluation of escape routes within a multi-objective decision-making framework.A case study was conducted in an underground laboratory located within a university complex in Shenzhen.The simulation included parameters for fluid dynamics and human movement,accounting for water level thresholds that impact evacuation speed.Fifteen participants familiar with the building layout conducted virtual escape experiments.The results showcased the effectiveness of the multi-objective approach in identifying optimal escape routes and high-risk areas within the building.The analysis revealed that evaluations based on single indicators were often inadequate,underscoring the need for multi-objective assessments.Additionally,the methodology yielded more realistic data on human behavior compared to traditional simulations.The study also identified rooms with consistently low-scoring escape routes across multiple flood scenarios,indicating significant risks that necessitate design improvements beyond emergency response measures.This research holds practical significance for enhancing safety and emergency management in underground spaces.The integration of BIM,serious gaming,and multi-objective evaluation represents a novel approach to flood escape planning,effectively addressing the limitations of previous single-objective or simplified simulation methods.This approach allows for a more comprehensive and realistic assessment of escape routes by simultaneously considering time,distance,and safety risk.In conclusion,the proposed methodology addresses the limitations of traditional research methods in simulating human evacuation behavior during flood scenarios,providing more scientific and reliable decision support for emergency management in underground spaces.
作者
丁志坤
李金泽
李永昌
孙梓桓
熊朝阳
DING Zhikun;LI Jinze;LI Yongchang;SUN Zihuan;XIONG Zhaoyang(Key Laboratory of Coastal Urban Resilient Infrastructures(Shenzhen University),Ministry of Education,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;Sino-Australia Joint Research Center in BIM and Smart Construction,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Green,Efficient and Intelligent Construction of Underground Metro Station,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;College of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期196-204,共9页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
深圳市科技计划资助高等院校稳定支持计划重点项目(20220810160221001)
国家自然科学基金项目(71974132)。
关键词
安全工程
建筑地下空间
水灾应急逃生模拟
建筑信息模型
严肃游戏
safety engineering
underground building spaces
flood emergency evacuation simulation
building information modeling
serious game
