摘要
大田试验表明,在小麦花生两熟制栽培中,不同种植方式的小麦产量基本随小麦行距的增加而降低,无论鲁东、鲁西,小麦产量均以畦田麦最高,大垄宽幅麦最低。除春花生外,花生产量大垄宽幅麦套种最高,一般等行麦套种(鲁东)和畦田麦夏直播(鲁西)最低;不同种植方式小麦、花生单作经济效益高低与各自的产量表现一致。在鲁东,全年效益大垄宽幅麦套种最高,达到15921.0元/hm2,一般等行麦套种最低,在12000元/hm2以下。在鲁西,小垄宽幅麦套种和一般等行麦套种效益较高,在16000元/hm2以上,春花生最低;不同种植方式前茬小麦单季光能利用率高低与产量水平一致,畦田麦达到了1.6%以上。花生单作光能利用率明显高于小麦,且并不与产量表现完全一致。鲁东春播最高,达到了2.23%,大垄宽幅麦和夏直播次之,达到了2%左右。鲁西夏直播最高,达到了2.28%,春花生次之,达到了2.22%。全年光能利用率,鲁东畦田麦夏直播最高,鲁西小垄宽幅麦套种最高,此两种方式光能利用率均在1.8%以上。春花生全年光能利用率最低,约为1%。综合本研究结果,大垄宽幅麦套种、畦田麦夏直播和春花生为鲁东较为适宜的种植方式;小垄宽幅麦套种、畦田麦夏直播为鲁西较为适宜的种植方式,除非旱薄地鲁西一般不宜采用春播方式。
Field experiments showed: wheat yields increased as the wheat row spacing decreased among the 8 planting methods tested. Wheat yield was highest in summer-planting peanut after normal-ridge wheat (M7) and was lowest in peanut intercropped with wide-ridge wheat (M1) within Shandong. Yield of peanut, except for spring-planting peanut (M8), was highest in M1 and was lowest in peanut intercropped with equal row spacing wheat (M5) in east of Shandong (ES),or in M7 in west of Shandong (WS). The benefit for single crop was consistent with their yield levels. In ES the maximum annual benefit, up to 15921.0 yuan/ha, occurred in M1 and the minimum, less than 12000 yuan/ha, occurred in M5. In WS the planting methods with high annual benefit of more than 16000 yuan/ha were M4 and M5, and the one with low annual benefit was M8. The efficiency utilization of radiation (EUR) of wheat was identical with its yield level,with the maximum of more than 1.6% found in M7. Different from wheat, peanut presented higher EUR and inconsitent partly with its yield level. In ES the maximum of 2.23% was found in M8, following by M1 and M7, around 2%. In WS the maximum of 2.28% was found in M7, following by M8 with a rate of 2.22%. The maximum annual EUR, both M7 (the highest in ES) and M4 (the highest in WS), were up to 1.8%, and the minimum found in M8 was around 1%. Conclusions can be made from this study that the optimum planting methods were M1, M7 and M8 in ES and were M4 and M7 in WS. M8 was not a suitable one in WS unless dry and sterile land.
出处
《花生学报》
2002年第3期15-19,共5页
Journal of Peanut Science
关键词
山东
生态区域
花生
种植方式
综合评价
产量
光能利用率
planting methods
peanut
wheat
yields
benefits
efficiency utilization of radiation
