摘要
阐述长江中下游水土环境正面临洪涝灾害、湖泊萎缩、水域污染、土地潜沼化和盐渍化的严重威胁。有关调查表明,洪涝灾害已影响到沿江平原湖区210县,13.9×104km2的土地面积;长江干流沿江城市污染带已达500km;汉江下游出现了"水华"现象,几乎所有淡水湖泊都出现不同程度的富营养化;湖泊萎缩减少1.3×104km2的面积,沼泽化和鱼类资源衰退日益严重;长江中游的潜沼化,下游的盐渍化阻碍着农业生产的安全。所有这些已危及区域的可持续发展和长江经济带的建设,必须引起高度重视。对此,提出了若干相应的对策和建议,包括长江立法,建立流域管理机构,实行全流域水环境一体化管理模式,保护湿地,加强科学研究特别是调水对长江中下游生态环境影响评价等。
This paper discusses the main problems of water and soil environment in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. We hold that four impacts on water and soil environment must be noticed: (1) Flooding and water logging disasters have become the most serious problem of water environment. It threatens the security of people's lives and properties on the plain and lake's region along the river, including 210 counties, about the area of 13.9×10\+4 km\+2 and 29 counties of Taihu lake region, nearly 2.5×10\+4 km\+2of land. (2)Lake area rapid reduction and declination of water ecology and fishery resources. Owing to lake reclamation-reclaiming land from the lake, since early 1950's of last century, the lake reduced 1.3×10\+4 km\+2 in area and 360×10\+8m\+3 in water storage capacity in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. It led to swamping of the lake's region and diminution of fishery resources. (3) Serious pollution of water system, especially eutrophication problem of lakes. The pollution belt reaches 500 km in length and 50～100 m in breadth along the cities of the main stream of the river in low water season. There is eutrophication condition in the lake region, and aggravation in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake,in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River also large amount of diatom occurred in the winter of the years 1992 and 1998. (4) Bog land, soil gleization and salinized soil had influenced agriculture development. Since shallow lakes and depression scatter here and there on the plain of the river, the level of underground water is high, it causes the incessant occurrence of bog land and soil gleization and finally leads to diminution of agriculture production. Moreover, in the mouth of the river, the contradiction between agriculture, fish farming and water supply was intensified. In order to coordinate the relation between environment protection and economic development,some counter measures are bound to be taken.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第6期564-568,共5页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目KZCX1-SW-12-1资助.
关键词
长江中下游
水土环境
对策
洪涝灾害
生态退化
middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
water and soil environment
countermeasure
