摘要
蜡的组成、含量、性质及其在原油中的形态等是导致含蜡原油流变性复杂化的根本原因。论述了蜡含量、蜡的性质、蜡的形态和结构对含蜡原油流变性的影响。析蜡点和溶蜡点是表征蜡在原油中结晶析出和溶解的特征温度,溶蜡点一般高于析蜡点10°C以上。在析蜡点温度以上,含蜡原油具有牛顿流体的特性,其粘温关系符合Watther经验式和Arrhenius指数方程。研究表明,直接影响含蜡油流变性的关键因素是已结晶析出的蜡量,而不仅仅是油中的蜡含量。另外,蜡晶的形态和结构对含蜡原油的流变性也有着重要的影响。
The nature,type and quantity of the waxes present in the crudes,as well as wax crystal morphology are the key factors influenced on the flow properties of waxy crude,and their influences on the crudes rhe-ology are summarized in this paper. Wax dissolution temperature is generally higher than corresponding wax appearance temperature 10℃. Above the wax appearance temperature, the crude, although chemically very complex,is a simple Newtonian fluid. The temperature dependence in the Newtonian range is most often adequately expressed by Watther empirical equation or Arrhenius exponential equation. It is demonstrated that the real factor which directly determines the crude rheology is the amount of crystallized wax, riot the wax content. It is established that the pour point is reached when approximately 1m % of wax contained in the crude have precipitated,and about 2m% precipitated wax is sufficient to cause oil gelling. Wax crystal morphology has a significant influence on the crude rheology,but their correlation is still limited to the qualitative range. The quantitative relationship between them should be developed in the further studies.
出处
《油气储运》
CAS
北大核心
2002年第11期6-12,共7页
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
基金
石油科技中青年创新基金(1999-30)
