摘要
随着畜禽粪污有机肥的不断施用,土壤中各类抗生素的含量也在增加。不同种类畜禽粪污中抗生素残留的种类和含量存在较大差异。土壤中抗生素浓度的增加也带来了一定的生态风险,由于生物富集作用,可能随着食物链对人类健康带来威胁。本研究查阅相关研究文献,对有机种植中抗生素的分布特征及风险评价研究进展进行总结。中国不同种类畜禽粪便中抗生素的检出率表现为:猪粪>鸡粪>牛粪>羊粪;猪粪和鸡粪中的抗生素以四环素类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类为主,猪粪、鸡粪和土壤中四环素类抗生素平均含量分别在0~602.68 mg/kg、0~37.5 mg/kg和0~1.35 mg/kg;以畜禽粪便为主要原料生产的有机肥产品中抗生素的检出率表现为:鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪>羊粪;土壤中抗生素的浓度也会影响蔬菜对抗生素的富集程度,蔬菜中抗生素的含量基本表现为:叶菜类>瓜果类>根茎类。最后,提出了相关抗生素污染治理治对策:一是健全抗生素污染物管理法规制度;二是健全有机肥指标体系,三是制订有机肥生产工艺相关行业标准,四是加快推动替代抗生素药物的研发与应用。
With the continuous application of organic fertilizers from livestock and poultry manure,the content of various antibiotics in the soil has also increased.There are significant differences in the types and contents of antibiotic residues in different types of livestock and poultry manure.The increase in antibiotic concentration in soil also brings certain ecological risks,which may pose a threat to human health along with the food chain due to bioaccumulation.This study reviewed relevant research literature to summarize the progress in the research on the distribution characteristics and risk assessment of antibiotics in organic farming.The detection rates of antibiotics in different types of livestock manure in China are as follows:pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure>sheep manure;the antibiotics in pig and chicken manure are mainly tetracyclines,quinolones,and sulfonamides,with the average content of tetracyclines in pig manure,chicken manure,and soil being 0-602.68 mg/kg,0-37.5 mg/kg,and 0-1.35 mg/kg,respectively;the detection rates of antibiotics in organic fertilizer products mainly made from livestock manure are as follows:chicken manure>pig manure>cow manure>sheep manure;the concentration of antibiotics in soil also affects the accumulation of antibiotics in vegetables,with the content of antibiotics in vegetables generally being:leafy vegetables>melon fruits>root vegetables.Finally,relevant countermeasures for antibiotic pollution control were put forward:firstly,to improve the management regulations and systems for antibiotic pollutants;secondly,to improve the organic fertilizer indicator system;thirdly,to formulate industry standards for organic fertilizer production processes;and fourthly,to accelerate the research and application of alternative drugs to antibiotics.
作者
赵云云
曹楠
盛宝永
鲍顺淑
朱丽梅
Zhao Yunyun;Cao Nan;Sheng Baoyong;Bao Shunshu;Zhu Limei(Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,MARA,MARA,Beijing 100125)
出处
《农业展望》
2024年第9期63-71,共9页
Agricultural Outlook
基金
农业农村部规划设计研究院“青年新星”项目(QX202107)
农业农村部规划设计研究院设施养殖工艺与装备科技创新团队项目(CHXTY-2021-07)。
关键词
畜禽粪污
农田土壤
抗生素
污染水平
治理对策
livestock and poultry manure
farmland soil
antibiotics
pollution level
governance measures
