摘要
旨在研究因畜牧业集约化不断提高导致畜禽粪便急剧增加而造成的环境污染程度。试验采用分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体法、串联质谱法等,测定了北京地区规模化养殖场猪粪(n=9)、鸡粪(n=12)、牛粪(n=30)中养分、重金属以及抗生素的含量,为畜禽粪便的农田利用提供数据支撑。结果表明:畜禽粪便中养分含量分布差异较大,表现为鸡粪中全氮和全钾含量最高,而猪粪中全磷和有机质含量最高,查阅相关研究发现,北京市规模化养殖场的猪粪、鸡粪和牛粪中全氮、全磷、全钾和有机质的含量变化较小。重金属含量整体呈现出锌(Zn)>铬(Cr)>铜(Cu)>铅(Pb)>砷(As)>汞(Hg)的趋势,其中猪粪Zn、Cu平均含量为327.44 mg/kg和49.23 mg/kg,显著高于鸡粪和牛粪;牛粪中Pb、Cr平均含量为9.82 mg/kg和107.96 mg/kg,显著高于猪粪和鸡粪;鸡粪中As平均含量最高,为18.06 mg/kg。与《农用污泥污染物控制标准》(GB 4284—2018)最低限度要求相比,牛粪、猪粪、鸡粪中分别有Cr、As、As超标的问题。所有样品中未检测到磺胺类抗生素,但四环素类、喹诺酮类抗生素有不同程度残留,其中猪粪残留四环素类抗生素最高为1377.4μg/kg,牛粪残留喹诺酮类抗生素最高为27.28μg/kg。说明北京地区畜禽养殖过程中饲料添加剂的应用较为合理,畜禽粪便的安全利用潜力较高,但用于农业生产之前,必须对其重金属进行无害化处理。
The continuous improvement of the intensification of animal husbandry has led to a sharp increase in livestock manure,which brings serious environmental pollution.The planting and breeding cycle is one of the important ways to solve this problem.The contents of nutrients,heavy metals and antibiotics in pig(n=9),chicken(n=12)and cow(n=30)manure were detected by spectrophotometry,inductively coupled plasma method,tandem mass spectrometry and other methods,which can provide data support for farmland utilization of livestock and poultry manure.The results showed that the distribution of nutrient contents in livestock and poultry manure was quite different,and the contents of total nitrogen and total potassium in chicken manure were the highest,and in pig manure,the content of total phosphorus and organic matter was the highest.It was found that the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and organic matter in pig,chicken and cow manure in Beijing large-scale farms vary moderately.The contents of heavy metals showed a trend of zinc(Zn)>chromium(Cr)>copper(Cu)>lead(Pb)>arsenic(As)>mercury(Hg),and the average contents of Zn and Cu in pig manure were 327.44 mg/kg and 49.23 mg/kg,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in chicken manure and cow manure.The average contents of Pb and Cr in cow manure was 9.82 mg/kg and 107.96 mg/kg,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in pig manure and chicken manure.The average content of As in chicken manure was the highest,at 18.06 mg/kg.Compared with the minimum requirements of the“Agricultural Sludge Pollutant Control Standard”(GB 4284-2018),Cr,As,and As in cow,pig and chicken manure exceed the standard respectively.No sulfonamide antibiotics were detected in all samples,but tetracyclines and quinolone antibiotics were residual to varying degrees.The highest residual tetracycline antibiotics in pig manure was 1377.4μg/kg,and the highest residual quinolone antibiotics in cow manure was 27.28μg/kg.These data suggest that the application of feed additives in the livestock and poultry breeding process in Beijing is relatively reasonable,and the safety utilization potential of livestock and poultry manure is high,but the heavy metals must be harmlessly treated before being used in agricultural production.
作者
张卫艺
曹子薇
直俊强
张丽丽
罗一鸣
孙越
ZHANG Weiyi;CAO Ziwei;ZHI Junqiang;ZHANG Lili;LUO Yiming;SUN Yue(Beijing Animal Husbandry Station,Beijing 100107,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Xilingol League Mengzhiyuan Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Xilingol League 026000,China)
出处
《畜牧与兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第4期41-49,共9页
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
关键词
畜禽粪便
养分
重金属
抗生素
livestock and poultry manure
nutrients
heavy metals
antibiotics
