摘要
形变是原子核作为有限量子多体系统的基本属性和重要表现,一直是核物理领域研究的重要课题之一.本文阐述了高能重离子碰撞瞬时成像原子核形变的独特性,建立了提取核形变参数的原理和方法.文章从相关理论模型和实验测量的经典实例出发,概括了近年来利用集体流等软探针对原子核形变研究的进展,并展望了未来可持续探索的热点课题.高能重离子碰撞成像原子核形变,不仅深化了对夸克胶子等离子体初态几何结构的理解,而且与传统的低能核物理实验测量截然不同,可作为一种新颖可靠的实验测量方式,同时在与原子核结构的交叉研究中做出了前瞻性的探索.
Deformation is a critical characteristic of atomic nuclei, reflecting the correlations within finite quantum many-body systems. The study of deformation is a key research area in nuclear physics. This article reviews the methodology used to image nuclear deformation in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. It delineates the techniques used to extract deformation parameters from these collisions, offering a detailed overview of recent advancements in understanding how nuclear deformation impacts heavy-ion collisions, particularly in relation to collective flow observables. Studying deformation not only presents a novel approach for extracting information about nuclear structure, complementing lower-energy methods, but it also helps constrain the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions. The potential for forging an interdisciplinary connection between high-energy nuclear collisions and lower-energy nuclear structures is discussed.
作者
张春健
贾江涌
ZHANG ChunJian;JIA Jiang Yong(Department of Chemistry,Stony Brook University,NewYork11794,USA;Department of Physics,Brookhaven National Laboratory,New York 11976,USA)
出处
《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期2-18,共17页
Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica
