摘要
[目的]分析我国空巢老人失能状况及影响因素的城乡差异,为预防老年人失能及完善老龄社会政策提供参考。[方法]基于2018年中国老年健康调查数据(CLHLS),选取≥65岁的空巢老人为研究对象,利用Katz指数量表及二分类Logistic回归模型对4488名空巢老人失能状况及影响因素进行分析。[结果]空巢老人总体失能率为13.4%,城市空巢老人失能率(14.6%)高于农村空巢老人(12.2%),轻度失能者占比最高(9.9%),洗澡困难是失能老人最易遇到的自理难题。高龄、自评健康差、患多种慢性病、参与社交活动频率低是城乡空巢老人失能的共同危险因素(P<0.05)。吸烟、过去从事体力劳动、未每年体检是农村空巢老人失能特有危险因素,受教育水平高则是其失能的保护因素(P<0.05)。[结论]与一般老年群体相比,我国空巢老人失能率较高,且失能状况存在显著城乡差异。应制定针对性预防和社会救助措施,完善老年照护服务支持体系,协同保障空巢老年人身心健康。
Objective This paper analyzes the differences of disability status of empty-nest elders and influencing factors between urban and rural areas in China,and provides the basis for preventing the disability of the elderly and improving policies in an aging society.Methods Based on the data of 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),empty-nest elders who were over 65 years old were selected as the research objects.The disability status and influencing factors of 4488 empty-nest elders were analyzed by Katz Index and binary logistic regression model.Results The overall disability rate of empty-nest elders was 13.4%.The disability rate of urban empty nesters(14.6%)was higher than that of rural empty nesters(12.2%).Mild disability accounted for the highest proportion(9.9%).Difficulty in bathing was the most common self-care problem for disabled elderly.Old age,poor self-rated health,multiple chronic diseases,and low frequency of social activities were common risk factors for disability of empty nesters in urban and rural areas(P<0.05).Smoking,physical labor in the past and lack of annual physical examination were the specific risk factors for disability of empty nesters in rural areas,while high education level was the protective factor for their disability(P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with the general elderly population,the disability rate of empty-nest elders in China is higher,and the disability status is significantly different between urban and rural areas.Tailored prevention and social assistance measures should be formulated to improve the elderly care service system and health support system,and to jointly safeguard physical and mental health of empty-nest elders.
作者
李娟
王欣宇
傅利平
唐雨婷
LI Juan;WANG Xinyu;FU Liping;TANG Yuting(School of Economics and Management,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan Hebei 063210,China;Department of Management and Economics,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)
出处
《卫生软科学》
2024年第8期35-40,共6页
Soft Science of Health
基金
2023年度河北省社会科学发展研究课题(20230103009)
河北省教育厅在读研究生创新能力培养资助项目(CXZZSS2024060)。
关键词
空巢老人
城乡差异
失能
影响因素分析
empty-nest elders
differences between urban and rural areas
disability
analysis of influencing factors
