摘要
在犯罪论体系中,消极安乐死属于符合构成要件的行为,应当摒弃区分作为与不作为的传统见解,转而以患者自主决定权之下的真实同意或推定同意作为其正当化的根据。具而言之,以患者的真实同意优先,若患者的真实同意无法获得,则次之适用患者的推定同意。对于推定同意的判断,应遵循生前预嘱、代行决定的先后适用顺序。如果穷尽所有可得探知的可能,仍无法推定患者主观意愿的,则应坚持生命利益优先原则,不得随意中断或终止维持生命医疗。
In the criminological system,passive euthanasia is an act that meets the consti-tutive elements.We should discard the traditional view of distinguishing between action and non-action,but use genuine consent or presumptive consent under the patient's right of self-de-termination as the basis for its justification.In general,the patient's genuine consent takes pre-cedence,but in case of the unavailability of the patient's genuine consent,his or her presump-tive consent should be applied as a substitute.The judgment of presumptive consent should fol-low the subsequence,with the living will of the patient applied first and then the substitute de-cision.If the patient's personal will cannot be inferred after exhausting all available possibilities,the principle of prioritizing the interests of life should prevail,and the ongoing life-sustaining medical care should not be interrupted or terminated without the consent of the patient.
出处
《人权》
CSSCI
2024年第3期146-164,共19页
Human Rights
基金
北京市社会科学基金项目(项目编号20221BS0009)阶段性成果。
关键词
消极安乐死
推定同意
真实同意
自主决定权
Passive Euthanasia
Presumptive Consent
Genuine Consent
Right of Self-determination
