摘要
随着风险驾驶机理研究的不断完善,外部情境因素和驾驶人内部认知差异逐渐成为当前研究的热点和难点。本文为研究时间压力、工作记忆容量与驾驶绩效之间的关系,采用时间约束和动机等主客观相结合的方法实现时间压力的施加,采用复杂跨度范式测量驾驶人工作记忆容量。基于驾驶模拟器系统构建相关驾驶场景,开展心理学与模拟驾驶行为试验,采集驾驶人心理、操作和车辆运行数据,分别就时间压力、工作记忆容量及其组合对驾驶绩效的影响进行分析。结果表明:时间压力对超速比例、碰撞概率、制动反应时间、左转选择间隙皆有显著的影响效应,且时间压力越高,超速比例越大、碰撞概率越高、制动反应时间越快、左转选择间隙越小的频次越多;工作记忆容量仅对制动反应时间有影响,工作记忆容量越高,制动反应时间越快;时间压力与工作记忆容量对制动反应时间无交互影响,但随着时间压力的增大,高工作记忆容量人群与低工作记忆容量人群在制动反应时间上的差异逐渐变小。这些发现为研究时间压力下的驾驶绩效提供了驾驶人认知方面的新见解。
As the mechanism of risky driving research continues to improve,external situational factors and drivers'internal cognitive differences have gradually become the hot and difficult points of current research.To study the relationship between time pressure,working memory capacity,and driving performance,a combination of subjective and objective methods,such as time constraint and motivation,is used to realize the imposition of time pressure and a complex spanning paradigm is used to measure drivers'working memory capacity.Based on the driv-ing simulator system,relevant driving scenarios are constructed to conduct psychological and simulator behavioral tests.Drivers'psychological,operational,and vehicle operation data are collected to analyze the effect of time pres-sure,working memory capacity,and their combinations on driving performance.The results show that time pressure has a significant effect on speeding ratio,collision probability,braking reaction time,and left-turn selection gap,and the higher the time pressure,the larger the speeding ratio,the higher the collision probability,the faster the braking reaction time,and the smaller the left-turn selection gap s,the more frequent the frequency of the time pres-sure.The working memory capacity has an effect on the braking reaction time only.The higher the working memory capacity is,the faster the braking reaction time is.Time pressure and working memory capacity have no interaction effect on braking reaction time,but with the increase of time pressure,the difference in braking reaction time be-tween those with high working memory capacity and those with low working memory capacity gradually decreases.These findings provide new insights into driver cognition for driving performance under time pressure.
作者
袁伟
张会明
赵天欣
郭应时
王畅
Yuan Wei;Zhang Huiming;Zhao Tianxin;Guo Yingshi;Wang Chang(School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710018;Chang’an University,Transportion Industry Key Laboratory of Vehicle Transportation Safety Guarantee Technology,Xi’an 710064)
出处
《汽车工程》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期862-873,共12页
Automotive Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(52072046,52002035)资助。
关键词
驾驶绩效
时间压力
工作记忆容量
模拟驾驶
心理学试验
driving performance
time pressure
working memory capacity
simulated driving
psychological experiments
