摘要
探讨有机肥等氮替代化肥在旱地马铃薯生产中的增产增效作用,为化肥减量、资源高效利用提供理论依据。于2020—2021年,以单施化肥(CF)为对照,研究了不同有机肥氮替代25%(T1)、50%(T2)、75%(T3)和100%(T4)的化肥氮,对马铃薯产量、水分利用效率和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,与CF处理相比,T1、T2处理能够提高马铃薯产量和单株薯重、商品薯重等产量构成因素,增加马铃薯水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用率。与CF处理相比,T1和T2处理马铃薯产量、水分利用效率分别提高5.5%和5.4%、4.1%和4.2%,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥利用率分别提高5.5%和5.4%、12.6%和12.5%、12.1%和8.3%。综合产量、水分利用效率、氮素利用率和曲线拟合分析,在西北半干旱区全膜覆盖垄播种植条件下,有机肥等氮替代36%~46%的化肥氮是实现马铃薯高效种植的最佳施肥比例。
The effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer in dryland potato production on the yield and efficiency were explored to provide a theoretical basis for chemical fertilizer reduction and efficient resource utilization.The effects of different organic fertilizer nitrogen substitution of 25%(T1),50%(T2),75%(T3) and 100%(T4) of chemical fertilizer nitrogen on potato yield,water use efficency and nitrogen utilization were studied in 2020-2021,using chemical fertilizer alone(CF) as control.The results showed that the T1 and T2 treatments increased potato yield and yield components such as individual potato weight and commercial potato weight,and increased potato water use efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity,nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer utilization.Compared with CF treatment,potato yield and water use efficiency increased by 5.5% and 5.4%,4.1% and 4.2%,respectively,and nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity,nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer utilization increased by 5.5% and 5.4%,12.6% and 12.5%,12.1% and 8.3%,respectively,in T1 and T2 treatments.The combined yield,water use efficency,nitrogen utilization and curve fitting analysis showed that organic fertilizer equivalent nitrogen replacing 36%-46% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen was the best fertilizer application rate to achieve efficient potato cultivation under full film cover monopoly planting conditions in the semi-arid northwest.
作者
付强
张平良
刘晓伟
郭天文
FU Qiang;ZHANG Ping-liang;LIU Xiao-wei;GUO Tian-wen(College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;Dryland Agriculture Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Northwest Drylands,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期143-149,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700)
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200101)
甘肃省重点研发计划(20YF3WA010)
甘肃省农业科学院重点研发项目(2022GAAS25)。
关键词
有机肥替代
马铃薯
产量
氮肥利用率
水分利用效率
organic substitution
potato
yield
nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency
water use efficiency
