摘要
本文搜集整理了陕西地区38处遗址的动物遗存资料,对该地区新石器时代至青铜时代的古代先民获取肉食资源的方式进行了研究。本文首先分区域对陕北、关中和陕南地区的肉食资源获取方式分别进行了归纳总结,在此基础上对陕西地区肉食资源获取方式的发展历程及特征进行了阐述,研究发现陕西地区的肉食资源获取方式存在区域差异和时代特征。之后我们从多个角度对陕西地区肉食资源获取方式的成因进行了解释,认为自然环境塑造了肉食资源获取方式的基本形态,但人口规模、文化交流、社会组织等社会性因素也发挥了重要的作用,并且不同区域和不同时期的主导因素不一样,反映了陕西地区史前生业方式的复杂性。此外,我们还发现陕西地区社会发展进程与肉食资源获取方式密切相关。陕西地区各时期的社会发展水平都与其获取肉食资源方式的特征相吻合,肉食资源获取方式的特征应是衡量生产力发展水平的明确标尺之一。肉食资源获取方式还会影响社会发展的进程,关中地区在早期文明起源和国家的形成阶段没有发展起来,而在先周—西周时期的崛起,应与其肉食资源获取方式趋于稳定和多样有一定的联系,从而可以提高社会应对风险的能力,保障经济水平的均衡发展。
This paper collates zooarchaeological data from 38 sites in Shaanxi,and discusses the meat procurement strategy from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Firstly, this paper summarizes the meat procurement strategy in northern Shaanxi, the Guanzhong region and southern Shaanxi respectively. On this basis, the changing process and characteristics of the meat procurement strategy in Shaanxi are expounded.It is found that there are regional differences and period characteristics in meat procurement strategy in Shaanxi. Then we explain the causes of meat procurement strategy in Shaanxi from several perspectives and conclude that the natural environment shaped the basic form of the meat procurement strategy, but social factors such as population size, cultural exchange, and social organization also played an important role, and the dominant factors in different regions and periods are different, reflecting the complexity of subsistence economyin prehistoric Shaanxi. In addition,we found that the social development process in Shaanxi was closely related to the meat procurement strategy.The level of social development in each period in Shaanxi coincides with the characteristics of its mode of meat procurement strategy.Therefore, we believe that the characteristic of meat procurement strategy should be one of the criteria for measuring the productivity level in society. The meat procurement strategy can also affect the process of social development. The Guanzhong region did not develop in the early stage of the origin of civilization and the formation of a state, but its rise in the pre-Zhou and Western Zhou period should be related to a more stable and diversified meat procurement strategy, which could improve the society's ability to cope with risks and ensure a balanced development of the subsistence economy.
出处
《南方文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期171-185,共15页
Cultural Relics in Southern China
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“陕西临潼康家遗址考古发掘报告”(19AKG002)的资助。
