摘要
为科学分析淡水养殖过程中营养物质积累特征和影响程度,本研究选择鲤(R1)、草鱼(R2)和加州鲈(R3)等3种山东省重要淡水养殖鱼类的池塘,对系统中上覆水、沉积物间隙水和表层沉积物的营养状况进行了跟踪监测。结果表明:3种池塘上覆水氨氮、亚硝氮、总氮和总磷含量分别为(0.781±0.047)mg/L、(0.123±0.005)mg/L、(5.059±0.060)mg/L和(0.317±0.011)mg/L并多呈逐渐上升趋势,其中R1水体的总氮及其在试验末的氨氮和总磷含量显著低于R2、R3;沉积物间隙水氨氮、亚硝氮、总氮和总磷含量分别为(5.273±0.177)mg/L、(0.188±0.006)mg/L、(11.368±0.386)mg/L和(1.372±0.042)mg/L,均始终高于上覆水且总氮含量呈显著波动上升;沉积物中总氮、总磷和有机质含量分别为(0.489±0.010)%、(0.350±0.005)%和(8.83±0.07)%,其中总氮于试验末高于试验初且R2、R3显著增高。研究表明,养殖期间水体中氮磷呈现明显的积累过程,而沉积物中总氮亦显著增加,且不同物种的养殖水体营养物质积累差异较为显著,故应根据养殖生物的生态习性制定和适时调整投饲方式,并系统综合考虑养殖水体和沉积物环境状况及依据养殖物种科学制定针对性管控措施。
To find out the distribution characteristics and influence of nutrients accumulated during aquaculture in freshwater ponds,three important freshwater aquaculture fishes in Shandong Province,including Cyprinus carpio(R1),Ctenopharyngoden idellus(R2)and Micropterus salmoides(R3)were selected and the nutrient status of overlying water,interstitial water and surface sediment of three ponds were monitored.The results showed that the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the overlying water in the aquaculture ponds were(0.781±0.047)mg/L,(0.123±0.005)mg/L,(5.059±0.060)mg/L and(0.317±0.011)mg/L,respectively,and most of them gradually increased with the aquaculture.And the concentration of total nitrogen during the aquaculture period and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus at the end of the experiment of the overlying water in R1 pond were significantly lower than those of R2 and R3.The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the interstitial water in different ponds were(5.273±0.177)mg/L,(0.188±0.006)mg/L,(11.368±0.386)mg/L and(1.372±0.042)mg/L,respectively,which were always higher than those in the overlying water.And the total nitrogen concentration of the interstitial water fluctuated and increased significantly.The concentrations of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic matter of sediments in different ponds were(0.489±0.010)%,(0.350±0.005%)and(8.83±0.07)%,respectively.And the concentrations of total nitrogen sediment at the end of the experiment in all ponds were higher than those at the beginning of the experiment and those of R2 and R3 ponds increased significantly.The results of this study showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of the aquaculture water and the total nitrogen of the sediment increased significantly during the aquaculture,and there were significant differences of the nutrient accumulation of the aquaculture water among different aquaculture fishes.Therefore,the feeding method should be formulated and timely adjusted according to the ecological habits of aquaculture organisms.In addition,the environmental conditions of aquaculture water body and sediment should be systematically and comprehensively considered,and the targeted control measures should be formulated scientifically according to the aquaculture species.
作者
董贯仓
付朝松
冷春梅
高云芳
杜兴华
Dong Guancang;Fu Chaosong;Leng Chunmei;Gao Yunfang;Du Xinghua(Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute,250013,Jinan,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,201306,Shanghai,China)
出处
《山东师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
2023年第3期253-258,共6页
Journal of Shandong Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
山东省鱼类产业技术体系(SDAI-12-07)
山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019YY008)
山东省农业农村厅财政项目(2021-2023)
山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2019GSF109111)。
关键词
淡水池塘养殖
沉积物
上覆水
营养物质
freshwater pond aquaculture
sediment
overlying water
nutrients
