摘要
对化学品进行风险管理是防控化学品健康和生态风险的重要举措.获取化学品大量的理化属性、健康/生态毒理学数据、环境行为参数等是进行其风险管理的前提基础.为此,集成了大量实测数据和预测数据的化学品风险管理数据库在化学品风险管理中发挥着重要的支持辅助作用.本研究共收集了国内外19个面向化学品风险管理的数据库,从发展历程、信息范围及用户体验三方面对数据库进行比较分析.结果表明,化学品风险管理相关数据库的开发与各个国家和地区不同时期对化学品信息的不同需求密切相关;当前各国数据库主要涵盖理化属性、健康毒理学数据、生态毒理学数据和环境行为四大类37种数据信息,其中,理化属性和健康毒理学数据最为丰富,生态毒理学数据还较为缺乏,此外,各数据库包含物质数量跨度从百至亿,差异巨大;由于物质类别差异以及物种差异等原因,国外数据库本土化适配度有限;当前我国化学品风险管理数据库主要是围绕化学品安全信息,在物质数量、涵盖信息范围、更新频率和数据质量方面还存在较大上升空间,未来还需加强顶层设计、强化数据共享、采用预测模型以及提高人员专业素养,从而支撑化学品的风险管理.
Risk management of chemicals is an important initiative to prevent and control the health and ecological risks of chemicals.Obtaining a large amount of physical and chemical properties,health/ecotoxicological data and environmental behavior parameters of chemicals is the prerequisite for their risk management.Thus,chemical databases that integrate a large amount of measured and predicted data play an important supporting role in chemical risk management.In this study,we collected 19 databases for chemical risk management in China and abroad,and conducted a comparative analysis of these databases in terms of development history,information scope,and user experience.The results showed that the development of chemical risk management-related databases was closely related to the different needs for chemical information of various countries and regions at different times.Current chemical databases mainly covered 37 types of data information in four categories,namely,physical and chemical properties,health toxicology data,ecotoxicology data,and environmental behaviors.The number of chemicals contained in each database spanned from hundreds to billions,with large differences observed.Foreign databases showed limited adaption to the local application due to the differences in substance categories and test species.At present,chemical risk management databases in China mainly focus on chemical safety information,and there is still much space for improvements in the number of substances,the scope of information covered,update frequency,and data quality.In the future,there is a need to strengthen top-level design,enhance data sharing,adopt predictive models and improve personnel professionalism,so as to support risk management of chemicals.
作者
包彤
李潍
于项毅
毛岩
郭婧
张效伟
于红霞
史薇
BAO Tong;LI Wei;YU Xiangyi;MAO Yan;GUO Jing;ZHANG Xiaowei;YU Hongxia;SHI Wei(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China;Solid Waste and Chemical Management Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection,Beijing,100029,China)
出处
《环境化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期3381-3395,共15页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20210190)
国家自然科学基金优秀青年项目(21922603)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1801604)
江苏省生态环境科研项目(2021003,2018001)
江苏省重点研发计划社会发展(BE2022837)
环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室开放基金(KF2021-08)
教育部产学合作协同育人项目(202102490095,202102305001)资助.
关键词
化学品
风险管理
数据库
比较分析
chemicals
risk management
databases
comparative analysis
