摘要
本文以语义语法理论为基础,运用正反验证的研究方法,针对动词与“到”的组配规律、“到”的终点指向类型及“到”的语义特征进行研究。首先,并非任意动词都可以与“到”组配,只有满足[+持续性][-终结性]和[+可完成性]的活动类动词以及具有量化特征的心理状态动词才可以和“到”组配;其次,从“到”的语义关系类型上看,结果标记“到”可以用来标记动作在空间、时间、量极和关系上的终点指向;最后,基于“到”的组配规律及语义关系,进一步提取并验证结果标记“到”的语义特征:终结性、结果性和方向性。
Dao is a multi-functional word with high frequency of use in modern Chinese,and it is also the focus and difficulty of grammar circles.Based on the theory of semantic grammar,this paper takes the CCL online corpus of Peking University Chinese Linguistics Research Center and the BCC corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University as the corpus source,and uses the research method of positive and negative verification.According to the logical order from syntactic distribution to semantic relationship to semantic features,the combination rule of verb type and dao,the end point type of dao and the semantic features of dao are investigated layer by layer.First of all,not any verb can be combined with dao.Based on a large-scale corpus survey,and with the Chinese Verb Usage Dictionary(1999)as a reference,a closed investigation is conducted on the combination of verb types and dao,and the combination rules of verbs and complements dao are systematically revealed and verified.According to the time schemata,only activity verbs that satisfy[+persistence][-terminality]and[+completion]and mental state verbs with quantitative characteristics can be matched with the result marker dao.However,state verbs,achievement verbs and accomplishment verbs cannot be combined with dao.Secondly,the result marker dao can point to different end types,which is determined by the verb and its collocation object at the sentence level,that is,it depends on the combination meaning at the VP level.Specifically,it includes four types:space point“V displacement+to+O space”,time point“V duration+to+O time”,quantity pole point“V change+to+O quantity pole”and relationship point“V acquisition/suffering+to+O object”.Moreover,through quantitative statistics,it is found that with the semantic grammaticalization of dao,the frequency of higher lexicalization quantity pole and relationship point in the corpus is significantly higher than that of space and time point.Finally,on the basis of the combination rules and semantic types,the semantic features of the result marker dao are further extracted and verified:one is“termination”,the verb and the result marker dao are combined to express a terminative event;the second is“resultative”,which is manifested in the adhesion between dao and the result object,which can be further divided into two types:goal realization and accidental achievement;the third is“directionality”,which means that dao retains the directional characteristics of displacement in the process of virtualization from spatial domain to different conceptual domains,a significant difference between dao and other result complements.In short,the complexity of the characterization and grammatical status of dao is that it is in a dynamic process of grammaticalization.This paper defines dao as“result marker”,mainly because of the non-self-sufficiency of dao in the resultative complement.From the perspective of development,with the further grammaticalization of the semantics of dao,especially in the relationship point,the object gradually falls off,and dao shows a trend of further evolution to the independent result complement or intra-word component.
作者
张博
赵春利
ZHANG Bo;ZHAO Chunli
出处
《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第8期21-33,共13页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“现代汉语方式副词的句法语义与分类排序研究”(22BYY135)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(暨南领航计划19JNLH04)
广东省高等学校珠江学者岗位计划资助项目(2019)。
关键词
“到”
结果标记
终点指向
终结性
dao
result marker
endpoint directivity
termination
