摘要
【目的】研究冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应,为冬小麦春季灌溉制度提供基础理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以冬小麦品种邯麦17号为材料,在拔节期设置充分灌水(CK)、轻度干旱(T_(1))、中度干旱(T_(2))和重度干旱(T_(3))4个处理。【结果】拔节期冬小麦叶片水分利用效率在T_(2)处理下最高;净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和叶绿素含量随着干旱胁迫的加剧均有所降低。光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和经过PSⅡ的电子传递速率(Fm/Fo)均表现为T_(1)>CK>T_(2)>T_(3)。与CK相比,T_(1)和T_(2)处理地下部分干物质积累量分别提高11.8%和3.0%,T_(3)处理降低4.0%;T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)处理地下部分干物质占比分别提高4.0%、6.0%和11.0%。灌溉水利用效率在T_(1)处理下最高,且籽粒产量略有增加,T_(2)和T_(3)处理籽粒产量则分别降低14.8%和42.4%(P<0.05)。叶片水分利用效率与地上部干物质积累量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与总干物质积累量、籽粒产量和灌溉水利用效率呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),与胞间二氧化碳浓度呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】轻度干旱处理下,拔节期冬小麦通过调节光合作用和增加地下部分干物质积累量及其占比以适应干旱环境,并提高籽粒产量和灌溉水利用效率;但随着干旱加剧,冬小麦光合速率明显降低,影响干物质积累,导致冬小麦产量降低。
【Objective】To study the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,yield to drought stress in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for spring irrigation schedule of winter wheat.【Methods】A pot culture experiment was conducted with four soil moisture gradients containing full irrigation(CK),mild drought(T_(1)),moderate drought(T_(2))and severe drought(T_(3))in winter wheat at jointing stage in the study.【Results】The results showed that highest leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat at jointing stage was observed in T_(2).The trend of net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomata conductance,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing of drought stress.The rank of the effect of drought stress on fluorescence parameters including Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo and Fm/Fo was that:T_(1)>CK>T_(2)>T_(3).Compared with CK,dry matter accumulation of underground increased by 11.8%and 3.0%in T_(1)and T_(2),however,which decreased by 4.0%in T_(3).The proportion of underground dry matter in T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3)treatment increased by 4.0%,6.0%and 11.0%,respectively.With respect to the performance of irrigation water use efficiency,it was the highest in T_(1)and the grain yield increased slightly.In terms of grain yield,it was significantly lower than CK by 14.8%and 42.4%(P<0.05)both in T_(2)and T_(3),in turn,which increased somewhat in T_(1).According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis,leaf water use efficiency was significantly(P<0.05)positively correlated with total dry matter accumulation,grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency,furthermore,a significant(P<0.01)positive correlation was detected between leaf water use efficiency and dry matter accumulation of aboveground,but a significant(P<0.01)negative correlation was found between leaf water use efficiency and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.【Conclusion】Under the mild drought treatment,the jointing winter wheat is adapted to the drought environment by regulating photosynthesis and increasing the underground accumulation of some dry matter and its proportion,thus improving the grain yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency.However,with the aggravation of drought stress,the photosynthetic rate of winter wheat decrease obviously,which lead to reducing dry matter accumulation and ultimately lead to the reduction of winter wheat yield.
作者
王晓雨
王小平
史文宇
刘美艳
马健
郭云鹏
宋瑞欣
王清涛
WANG Xiaoyu;WANG Xiaoping;SHI Wenyu;LIU Meiyan;MA Jian;GUO Yunpeng;SONG Ruixin;WANG Qingtao(College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan Hebei 056000,China;Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Drought Meteorological Research Institute,CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China;College of Computer and Cyber Security,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期2163-2172,共10页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国气象局干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM201702)
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2020402022)
河北省专业学位教学案例库建设项目(KCJSZ2022094)
国家自然科学基金项目(42071246)
河北工程大学博士创新项目(SJ010002102)。
关键词
干旱胁迫
冬小麦
拔节期
光合特性
干物质
产量
drought stress
winter wheat
jointing stage
photosynthetic characteristics
dry matter
yield
