摘要
为探究水旱胁迫下滴灌玉米稳产增产最优水肥配施方案,设计亏水灌溉随水施肥大田试验,并构建AquaCrop模型,寻求适宜北疆滴灌玉米生长的模型参数和稳产增产的最优灌溉制度.研究结果表明:中肥高水(CK1W1)处理能够提高水肥利用效率,使玉米植株的株高、茎粗、叶面积等生长指标显著提高,籽粒产量较均值提高12.46%,较对照组提高7.38%,生物产量较均值提高14.63%;AquaCrop模型在模拟北疆玉米的冠层覆盖度及产量等方面展现出良好的性能,冠层覆盖度的一致性指数高达0.904 7,决定系数在0.810 0以上,均方根误差在6.50%左右;籽粒产量与生物产量的决定系数均超过0.950 0,模型性能指数接近0.900 0,一致性指数分别为0.920 8和0.967 5,表明模型可以有效模拟北疆玉米生育期内的生长状况.AquaCrop模型优化亏水滴灌的最优灌溉方案为M3(苗期灌水1次共30 mm,拔节期灌水4次共179 mm,吐丝期灌水5次共239 mm),其生物产量和籽粒产量分别为36 850 kg/hm^(2)和19 570 kg/hm^(2).研究可为干旱缺水地区的玉米稳产增产及农业可持续发展提供科学参考.
In order to explore the optimal combination of water and fertilizer application scheme for stable and increased yield of drip irrigated maize under water and drought stress,a field experiment of water deficit irrigation with water fertigation was designed,and an AquaCrop model was constructed to seek the optimal irrigation system suitable for drip irrigated maize growth model parameters and stable yield increase in northern Xinjiang.The results showed that the medium fertilizer and high water(CK1W1)treatment can improve water and fertilizer use efficiency,significantly increase the growth indexes of maize plants such as plant height,stem diameter,and leaf area,as well as increase the grain yield by 12.46%compared with the average,increase by 7.38%compared with the control,and increase biological yield by 14.63%compared with the average.The AquaCrop model shows good performance in simulating the canopy coverage and yield of maize in northern Xinjiang,with the consistency index of canopy coverage being as high as 0.9047,a coefficient of determination of above 0.8100,and root mean square error of about 6.50%.The coefficient of determination of grain yield and biological yield was more than 0.9500,the model performance index is close to 0.9000,and the consistency index is 0.9208 and 0.9675,respectively,indicating that the model can effectively simulate the growth of maize in northern Xinjiang.The optimal irrigation scheme for deficit drip irrigation optimized by the AquaCrop model is M3(30 mm irrigation for one time at seedling stage,179 mm for four times at jointing stage,and 239 mm for five times at silking stage),and the biological yield and grain yield are 36850 kg/hm^(2) and 19570 kg/hm^(2),respectively.This study can provide a scientific reference for stable maize yield increase and sustainable agricultural development in arid and water-scarce areas.
作者
张科
李小龙
何新林
秦达
李鹏飞
ZHANG Ke;LI Xiaolong;HE Xinlin;QIN Da;LI Pengfei(College of Water Conservancy&Architecture Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China;Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)
出处
《排灌机械工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期1272-1282,共11页
Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering
基金
国家“十四五”重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1900804)
兵团重点科技攻关计划项目(2023AB059)
兵团科技创新人才计划项目(2024DB049)
石河子大学创新人才培育计划(CXPY202322)。
关键词
滴灌玉米
亏水灌溉
AquaCrop模型
水肥制度优化
drip irrigated maize
water deficit irrigation
AquaCrop model
optimization of water and fertilizer system
