摘要
类比推理(analogical reasoning,AR)是人的思维中的一种基本推理形式,是人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)理论和技术研究中的一个重要领域。AI中的类比推理研究,旨在结合相关学科的研究进行计算建模,在计算机上模拟实现类比推理处理过程,以产生能推断出新知的智能推理和学习系统。自20世纪60年代开始的AI中的类比推理理论和技术研究,至今取得了丰富的研究成果,特别是近年来将类比推理与深度学习结合的研究更加显示了其在AI研究中的重要性。本文旨在对从过去到现在AI中的类比推理主要研究及其特点进行系统总结和述评。在对检索出的AI领域中的700余篇类比推理研究文献进行全面考察的基础上,对其中具有代表性的142篇研究文献进行了系统分析,认为AI中主要的类比推理研究在上世纪和本世纪2个时期呈现了不同的研究特点,将2个时期中的类比推理研究归纳为“类比问题求解”、“计算模型”和“AR学习”等8个研究主题,并对各研究主题及其代表性研究工作的基本研究思想、内容和特点以及存在的问题进行总结分析。最后,展望了AI中类比推理未来的研究方向以及发展趋势。
Analogical reasoning is a basic reasoning form in human thinking,and it is an important field in AI theory and technology research.The research of analogical reasoning in AI aims to carry out computational modeling in combination with the research of related disciplines,simulate and realize the the process of analogical reasoning on the computer,so as to generate an intelligent reasoning and learning system that can infer new knowledge.Since 1960s,the research on the theory and technology of analogical reasoning in AI has achieved a wealth of research results.Especially in recent years,the research combining analogical reasoning with deep learning has shown its importance in AI research.This paper aims to systematically summarize and review the main research and characteristics of analogical reasoning in AI from the past to the present.In this paper,based on a comprehensive survey of the retrieved more than 700 research documents related to analogical reasoning in AI,and a systematic analysis of 142 research documents,we believe that the analogical reasoning research in AI has shown different research characteristics in the last century and the present century,combined with our research,the analogical reasoning research in the two stages is summarized into 8 research topics such as“analogical problem solving”,“computational models”and“learning by analogy”and the basic research ideas,contents,characteristics and existing problems of these research topics and their representative research work are summarized and analysed.Finally,the future research direction and development trend of analogical reasoning in artificial intelligence are prospected.
作者
潘正华
王勇
PAN Zhenghua;WANG Yong(School of Science,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)
出处
《智能系统学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期643-661,共19页
CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(60973156,61375004)
南京大学计算机软件新技术国家重点实验室开放课题项目(KFKT2020B01)。
关键词
人工智能
类比推理
对象
目标
映射
计算模型
基于案例的推理
深度学习
artificial intelligence
analogical reasoning
objiect
target
mapping
computational model
case-based reasoning
deep learning
