摘要
18世纪,随着东西方贸易的发展,苏禄作为南中国海东南部海域的商贸中心,成为欧洲国家商业势力和殖民扩张的竞逐目标。苏禄为发展海洋贸易和维护国家独立,周旋于欧洲商业殖民势力和中国清朝之间。为抵抗西班牙的殖民侵略,苏禄恢复已中断数百年的对中国的朝贡关系,甚至向清朝提出“输诚向化,入附版图”的请求,试图在朝贡体系下寻求清朝的保护。在被清廷明确拒绝以后,苏禄接受了英国东印度公司签订商约的要求,与英国人缔结同盟,以提供海上航运便利和出让贸易垄断权为条件,争取军事外交上的援助与支持。苏禄的左右逢源与外交转向,既体现了朝贡体系和条约体系的碰撞,也反映出近代早期东西方国家在东南亚地区的互动。
In the eighteenth century,with the expansion of East-West trade,Sulu became a commercial center in the southeastern part of South China Sea,resulting in contest for commercial and colonial expansion between European countries.Sulu maneuvered between European colonial powers and the Qing Dynasty of China in order to promote its maritime trade and to maintain national independence.For the purpose of resisting Spanish colonial invasion,Sulu restored the tributary relationship with China that had been interrupted for hundreds of years and expressed great loyalty to the Qing court within the tributary system in an attempt to seek protection from the later.After being explicitly rejected by the Qing court,Sulu accepted the requirements of signing commercial treaties with the English East India Company,and formed an alliance with the British for military and diplomatic assistance on the condition of providing maritime transportation convenience and surrendering the trade monopoly rights.Sulus diplomatic shift not only reflected the collision between the tributary system and the treaty system but also reflected the interaction between East and West countries in Southeast Asia in the early modern period.
出处
《北京社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期78-87,共10页
Social Sciences of Beijing
关键词
朝贡体系
苏禄外交
中西贸易
tributary system
Sulu's diplomacy
Sino-Western trade
