摘要
随着工业的发展进步,大气环境污染日趋严重,末端污染治理迫在眉睫。催化剂作为催化反应的核心,其制备与构型成为大气环境催化领域重点关注和研究的课题。常规的单一催化剂存在成本高、易失活、使用条件严格等不足。核壳结构催化剂拥有单一催化剂所不具备的双功能甚至多功能催化特性,在环境催化领域具有广阔的应用前景。近年研究表明,核壳结构催化剂热稳定性较高,择形催化效果优异,在反应中的整体活性表现良好。但核壳结构的复合颗粒也存在团聚与分散不易调控、核壳分散厚度难以确定、结合强度有待提高等问题。目前已有学者将Mn系、Ce系等核壳材料应用于大气污染治理之中,并取得了良好的催化效果,但是在核壳结构的构筑以及制备方法的选择上还存在不足,在特定领域的针对性应用有待进一步提高。本文详细介绍了目前制备核壳材料所常用的水热合成法、沉淀法、模板法等主要方法,比较了各种制备方法的优缺点。同时,综述了不同类型的核壳材料(如金属基核壳材料、金属氧化物基核壳材料、分子筛、中空核壳以及摇铃核壳材料)在大气污染治理中NO选择性催化还原(NH_(3)-SCR)、VOCs脱除以及高低浓度CO去除等主要领域的应用研究进展。文章还分析讨论了主流核壳催化剂的优势及有待完善之处,并展望了未来重点研究方向。
With the development and progress of industry,air pollution is becoming more and more serious,making the end pollution control immediately urgent.Catalyst is the core of catalytic reaction,and its preparation and configuration have become the focus of the field of atmospheric pollution treatment.Conventional single catalyst has some disadvantages such as high cost,easy inactivation,and narrow use conditions.In recent years,the core-shell nanomaterials have attracted the attention of scholars in the field of composite materials owing to their unique cavity structure.They not only have dual functions and multi-functional characteristics that traditional catalysts do not have,but also have broad application prospects in the field of environmental catalysis.Because of its good thermal stability and excellent shape-selective catalytic effect,the core-shell structure catalyst shows excellent overall acti-vity in the catalytic reaction.However,the core-shell composite particles also face some problems,such as easy agglomeration,poor thickness control of core-shell dispersion,and the need to improve the bonding strength.Although some scholars have prepared Mn-based and Ce-based core-shell nanomaterials for air pollution control,and achieved good catalytic effects in recent years,there are still shortcomings in the construction of the core-shell structure and the selection of the preparation methods.At the same time,the targeted application in specific fields needs to be further improved.In this review,firstly,the main methods of preparing core-shell materials such as hydrothermal synthesis,precipitation and template methods are introduced in detail,along with the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods.Then the applicable methods for preparing different types of core-shell catalysts,such as metal-based core-shell material,metal oxide-based core-shell material,molecular sieve,hollow core-shell and rattle core-shell materials,are analyzed.Moreover,the research advances of different types of core-shell materials with respects to the main applicatory fields in air pollution control(NH _(3)-SCR denitrification,VOCs removal,high and low concentration CO removal)are summarized.The paper ends with brief but comparative and prospective discussions about the merits and demerits of the currently mainstream core-shell catalysts,and about the major research directions in the near future.
作者
齐致雍
高凤雨
唐晓龙
易红宏
杜影
QI Zhiyong;GAO Fengyu;TANG Xiaolong;YI Honghong;DU Ying(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource Treatment of Industrial Typical Pollutants,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期98-109,共12页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(U20A20130,21806009)
中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-IDRY-19-020)
北京市科协青年人才托举工程。
关键词
核壳结构
纳米复合材料
合成方法
脱硫脱硝
VOCs净化
core-shell structure
nano-composite materials
synthesis method
desulfurization and denitrification
VOCs purification
