摘要
目的 分析合肥市2012—2021年水痘流行情况,为水痘的预防控制提供科学依据。方法 收集2012—2021年合肥市水痘发病资料和疫苗接种数据,使用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 2012—2021年,合肥市共报告水痘病例46 195例,无死亡病例报告,年平均发病率为58.149/10万,报告发病率总体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=5 233.325,P<0.001),2020年受新冠肺炎疫情影响,报告发病率略有降低;发病具有明显季节性,5—6月、10月至次年1月为高发期;病例主要集中在20岁以下人群,报告发病率最高的为10~岁组(263.969/10万),15~岁组发病率增长幅度最大;职业主要为学生(26 020例,占56.326%)、幼托儿童(5 988例,占12.962%)和散居儿童(4 784例,占10.356%);2012—2021年报告暴发疫情49起,2019年报告最多,报告14起。2012—2020年出生人口第一剂次疫苗接种率为81.587%,2012—2017年出生人口第二剂次接种率为18.418%。结论 合肥市水痘发病总体呈上升趋势,有明显季节性,学生为主要发病群体,发病年龄有后移趋势。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Hefei City from 2012 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to statistically analyze the varicella epidemic and vaccination data in Hefei City from 2012 to 2021.Results A total of 46195 cases of varicella were reported in Hefei City from 2012 to 2021,and no death cases were reported.The average an-nual incidence rate was 58.149/100000.The incidence rate of varicella showed an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=5233.325,P<0.001).Affected by the epidemic of COVID-19,the reported incidence rate of varicella decreased slightly in 2020.The high incidence period of varicella was May to June and October to January of the next year,which showed an obvious seasonality.Varicella were mainly concentrated in the population under 20 years old.The highest incidence age group was the 10-year old group(263.969/100000).The trend analysis of age group incidence rate showed that the incidence increased the most in the 15-year old group.The main occupations of the infected population were students(26020 cases,56.326%),pre-school children(5988 cases,12.962%)and scattered children(4784 cases,10.356%).49 outbreaks were reported from 2012-2021,with the highest number reported in 2019,when 14 were reported.The first dose of varicella vaccine rate of the population born between 2012 and 2020 was 81.587%,and the second dose of varicella vaccine rate of the population born between 2012 and 2017 was 18.418%.Conclusion The incidence of varicella in Hefei City is on the rise,with obvious seasonality.Students are the main incidence group,and the age of cases tends to move backward.
作者
李倩
靳玉惠
王波
胡蝶
苏普玉
LI Qian;JIN Yu-hui;WANG Bo;HU Die;SU Pu-yu(Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Anhui 230091,China;Department of Maternal,Child and Adolescent Health,School of Public Health,Anhui Medical University,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle,Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics,Hefei 230032,Anhui,China)
出处
《安徽预防医学杂志》
2023年第2期151-155,共5页
Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
水痘
流行病学特征
疫苗接种
Varicella
Epidemiological characteristics
vaccination
