摘要
以大运河文化带中1809处国家重点文物保护单位(简称“国保单位”)为研究对象,从历史地理视角出发构建地理空间分布统计理论框架,综合运用最邻近指数、核密度、标准差椭圆等系统分析各历史阶段下国保单位在空间上的集聚、形态、方向、规模、类型等分异特征,并基于历史地理探究其影响因素。结果表明:(1)国保单位总体上趋于集聚分布,整体呈现“西—北—东南密、中间疏”的分布特征,集聚位置以北京、河北、河南、江苏、浙江为主,不同历史时期空间集聚存在差异;(2)在空间形态上,各历史时期国保单位集聚位置和形态从原始社会至近代以来呈现动态演变趋势,多以历史上都城所在地为扩散中心,空间形态随其变化而变化;(3)在方向特征上,国保单位重心迁移方向均以大运河为中轴对称,迁移轨迹为“西北—东南—东北—东偏南—东北—东南—西北”,方向变化趋于扁平化,重心迁移主要集中在安徽、河南、江苏、山东等4省交界周边区域;(4)在规模特征上,与核密度分析所呈现的集聚分布特征吻合,且以大运河源头的京津至终点浙江杭州的国保单位规模最大;(5)在类型特征上,主要以古建筑为主,各类型国保单位在历史时期具有多样化特征,并伴有一定的连贯性,且基本呈现“西北—东南”的分布特点;(6)在影响因素上,原始社会时期国保单位的空间形成主要受自然地理环境驱动,而后人文地理环境通过制约人类生产生活活动进而影响国保单位在空间上的形态与类型,政治因素多占主导地位。
Based on the methods of nearest neighbor index,kernel density,standard deviational ellipse,this paper analyzes the spatial concentration,direction,scale,type and differences of 1809 National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in different historical periods in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt,and explore their driving factors from the perspective of historical geography.The results show that:1)National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units show the distribution characteristics of"dense in the west,north and southeast of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt,sparse in the middle of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt",the gathering location is mainly in Beijing,Hebei,Henan,Jiangsu and Zhejiang,and there are differences in spatial agglomeration in different historical periods.2)In terms of spatial form,National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in various historical periods have shown a dynamic evolution trend from primitive society to modern times,most of them take the location of historical capital as the diffusion center,and their spatial form changes with it.3)In terms of direction,the migration direction of the gravity centers of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units takes the Grand Canal as the central axis symmetry,the migration track is northwest-southeast-northeast-east by south-northeast-southeast-northwest.The direction change tends to flatten,and the gravity centers are mainly concentrated in the surrounding areas of the junction of Anhui,Henan,Jiangsu and Shandong.4)In terms of scale,it is consistent with the agglomeration and distribution characteristics presented by the kernel density analysis,and the larger scale of the National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units is in Beijing-Tianjin and Hangzhou.5)In terms of type characteristics,it is mainly dominated by ancient building type,all types of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units have diversified characteristics in the historical period,accompanied by a certain degree of coherence,and basically present the distribution characteristics of"northwest to southeast".6)In terms of driving factors,the formation of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in the primitive society was mainly driven by the natural geographical environment,and then the human geographical environment affects the form and type of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in space by restricting human production and living activities,and political factors play a dominant role.
作者
焦敏
路璐
牛福长
和佳慧
穆学青
IAO Min;LU Lu;NIU Fuchang;HE Jiahui;MU Xueqing(College of Humanities and Social Development,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China;China Resources&Environment and Development Academy,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China;School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《经济地理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期228-239,共12页
Economic Geography
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目资助(21JZD041)。
关键词
全国重点文物保护单位
文物古迹
京杭大运河
历史地理
保护与传承
大运河文化带
国家文化公园
National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units
cultural relics and historic sites
Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal
historical geography
protection and inheritance
Grand Canal Cultural Belt
national cultural park
