摘要
研究历史时期全国重点文物保护单位(以下简称为国保单位)的时空分布特征及影响机理有助于加深对历史时期环境变迁、文化演进、社会发展等人地关系的进一步认识。运用Arc GIS空间分析方法探讨国保单位的时空分布特征及其与自然、人文环境的关系。结果表明:(1)国保单位历经时间漫长,主要集中在宋元、明清和近现代三个时期。同一时期主体国保单位不尽相同,各类文物有相对集中的分布期。(2)从史前至近现代8个时期中,国保单位在数量、占比及出现频率等方面呈现波动上升趋势,从初步发展阶段到衰退阶段,到快速发展阶段,至巅峰阶段,再至衰减阶段。历史时期国保单位集中度高,密集区长期位于长城—横断山东南侧,其中豫西、关中、晋南、长三角等地长期是国保单位核心分布区。(3)国保单位重心位于河南、陕西境内,呈现向西—东—南的转移趋势,方向分布呈现史前时期、宋元以后的西南—东北格局,先秦—隋唐五代时期的东西格局。历史时期国保单位总体表现出由集聚到分散的交替演变过程,空间分布范围不断扩展。(4)国保单位的时空分布受地形地貌、气候变迁、水文河流等自然因素,政府治理、经济发展、人口演变等人文因素的共同影响,是自然因素导致的自然指向性规律和人类活动造成的人文指向性规律综合作用的结果。
Studying the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and influence mechanism of the national cultural relics in the historical period will help to deepen the understanding of the human-land relationship such as environmental changes,cultural evolution and social development in historical periods.This article explores the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the China cultural relics and its relationship with natural and cultural environment applying the spatial analysis method of ArcGIS.The results show that:1)China’s key cultural relics protection units have a long history mainly concentrated in the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times.During the same period,the main national cultural relics are not the same.The various cultural relics show a trend of relatively concentrated distribution.2)During the eight periods from prehistoric to modern times,the number of national cultural relics,its proportion and the frequency of occurrence show a volatility rising trend and have gone through five stages:initial development stage,decline stage,rapid development stage,peak stage and decay stage.During the historical period,the national cultural relics are highly concentrated.The dense area is permanently located on the southeast side of the Great Wall-Hengduan Mountain for a long time.The core distribution areas are the western Henan,Guanzhong,the south of Shanxi and the Yangtze River Delta.3)The gravity center of China cultural relics shifts from west to east to south,and the distribution direction shows the pattern of southwest-northeast in Prehistoric period and after Song Dynasty,and east-west pattern in Pre-Qin-Sui and Tang Dynasties.The national cultural relics have shown an evolutionary process from agglomeration to decentralization,and their spatial distribution has been expanding.4)The spatial-temporal evolution of China cultural relics is affected by natural factors and human factors,natural factors involve topography,climatic changes,hydrological rivers,human factors are government governance,economic development and population evolution.It is the result of the combined effect of the natural directivity law caused by natural factors and the humanistic orientation law caused by human activities.
作者
田小波
胡静
徐欣
贾垚焱
吕丽
刘海朦
TIAN Xiaobo;HU Jing;XU Xin;JIAYaoyan;LYU Li;LIU Haimeng(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,Hubei,China;Wuhan Branch of China Tourism Academy,Wuhan 430079,Hubei,China)
出处
《经济地理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期191-201,共11页
Economic Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42001172)
华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(CCNU20BG003)
华中师范大学研究生教育创新资助项目(2020CXZZ004)
关键词
时空分布
全国重点文物保护单位
历史时期
影响机理
spatial-temporal distribution
the key cultural relics protection units in China
historical periods
influence mechanism
