摘要
多机场体系是全球航空运输系统的重要组成部分,也是航空运输业务竞争与合作(竞合)集聚的市场。本文以航线网络竞合为研究对象,基于图论、集合论和统计学相关方法,分别构建了基于广度的航点竞合评价模型、基于强度的航线竞争评价模型以及集成性的网络竞争评价模型,提出了空间竞合的理论模式及相关阈值。基于2015—2019年上海虹桥机场和浦东机场(简称上海两场)进行实证研究,结论为:①航点市场竞争趋于弱化,国内市场的竞争性显著高于国际市场。②航线市场竞合日趋复杂,业务量集中航线的竞争较为激烈,短途航线是上海两场协调合作发展的重要领域。③网络市场竞合强度取决于国内市场的竞合程度,但总体竞争程度保持缓慢增长趋势。上海两场航线竞合关系演变的关键驱动因素为战略定位、机场容量、业务规模、市场分布等。本文提出的多机场体系航线网络竞合模式及评价模型可为都市圈(区)多机场体系的航线协同发展、机场战略定位等提供科学决策支撑。
Multiple airport system, where market competition and cooperation often occur,plays a key role in the global air transport market. The research object of this paper is on competition and cooperation of the air transport network within the multi-airport system. Based on graph theory, set theory and statistical correlation methods, we construct three models to estimate network ′ s competition and cooperation within the multiple airport system, from the perspectives of airport, route and network. Specifically, the model from the airport perspective focuses on network ′ s breadth or coverage(i.e., interaction space or target), and the model from the routing perspective focuses on interaction frequency(i. e., competition and cooperation within a specific route);the model from the network perspective is an integrated one considering the above-mentioned factors. Then, we put forward the theoretical mode and relevant thresholds of spatial competition and cooperation. In this context, we process an empirical study in Shanghai Multiple Airport System(SMAS), using the data from 2015 to2019. Empirical results are as follows.(1) From the airport ′ s perspective, the intensity of competition in the market tends to weaken. In other words, two airports in Shanghai tend to flight from/to different places. At the same time, the competition and cooperation index of the domestic market is significantly higher than that of the international market.(2) From the route ′ s perspective, the competition and cooperation in the market is becoming more and more complex. On the one hand, the competition in the head market with concentrated business volume is becoming more intense. On the other hand, the short-haul route market is an important field for the coordinated development of the SMAS.(3) From the network ′ s perspective, the competition and cooperation relationship depends on the competition and cooperation degree of the domestic market, and the overall level of competition keeps increasing slowly. Strategic positioning/planning, airport capacity and market size are the key factors affecting the evolution of the competition and cooperation relationship on the air transport network. The proposed evaluation method(system) and empirical evidence provide an important theoretical and practical basis for the coordinated development of air transport network and airport strategic positioning/planning of multiple airport system in the metropolitan area.
作者
莫辉辉
王姣娥
王涵
肖凡
MO Huihui;WANG Jiaoe;WANG Han;XIAO Fan(China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology,Beijing 100028,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academyof Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期761-774,共14页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42171187)
国家自然科学杰出青年基金项目(42225106)。
关键词
多机场体系
航线网络
竞争-合作
航空运输
都市圈
multiple airport system
air transport network
competition and cooperation
air transport
metropolitan area
