摘要
为探究全球氮沉降持续增加对大豆干物质积累和氮代谢的影响,本研究以栽培大豆铁丰29号为材料,设置对照处理(不施氮)以及在种植前施氮50 kg·hm^(-2)基肥(模拟实际农田施氮量)的基础上设氮沉降处理(0,50,100,150 kg·hm^(-2)),探讨了氮沉降对大豆干物质积累、叶片氮代谢相关指标(硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、硝态氮、铵态氮和可溶性蛋白)、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:人为施氮肥结合少量氮沉降能够保证大豆有效氮供应,显著促进了大豆干物质积累,显著提高了叶片氮代谢产物含量及关键酶活性,进而增加了大豆产量和品质。在施基肥50 kg·hm^(-2)条件下,氮沉降量超过50 kg·hm^(-2)时,则对大豆干物质积累、硝酸还原酶活性、硝态氮和可溶性蛋白含量有明显的抑制作用。氮沉降量超过100 kg·hm^(-2)时,会明显降低大豆谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性以及铵态氮含量。综合分析认为,氮沉降可以作为氮素资源促进大豆生长,氮沉降浓度持续升高条件下农田施肥可能抑制大豆干物质积累和氮代谢,导致减产。应在考虑各地区氮沉降量的基础上合理施用氮肥。
To explore the effects of the continuous increase of global nitrogen deposition on soybean dry matter accumulation and nitrogen metabolism, this study took the cultivated soybean Tiefeng 29 as the material, and set the control treatment(no nitrogen application) and the nitrogen deposition treatment(0, 50, 100 and 150 kg·ha^(-1)) on the basis of applying N 50 kg·ha^(-1)base fertilizer(simulating the actual nitrogen application rate in farmland) before planting. We discussed the effects of nitrogen deposition on dry matter accumulation, related indexes of leaf nitrogen metabolism(nitrate reductase, glutamine synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and soluble protein) and yield and quality of soybean. The results showed as follows: The application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the yield of soybean leaves. When the nitrogen deposition was more than 50 kg·ha^(-1), the dry matter accumulation, nitrate reductase activity, nitrate nitrogen and soluble protein content of soybean were significantly inhibited. When the nitrogen deposition exceeded 100 kg·ha^(-1), the activities of glutamine synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase and the content of ammonium nitrogen in soybean would significantly reduce. The comprehensive analysis shows that nitrogen deposition can be used as a nitrogen resource to promote the growth of soybean. Under the condition of continuous increase of nitrogen deposition concentration, farmland fertilization may inhibit soybean dry matter accumulation and nitrogen metabolism, resulting in yield reduction. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied reasonably on the basis of considering the amount of nitrogen deposition in different regions.
作者
伞昱
王岩
姚星州
程世昊
赵天宏
SAN Yu;WANG Yan;YAO Xing-zhou;CHENG Shi-hao;ZHAO Tian-hong(Agronomy College,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期710-717,共8页
Soybean Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(31570404)。
关键词
氮沉降
大豆
干物质积累
氮代谢
产量
品质
nitrogen deposition
soybean
accumulation of dry matter
nitrogen metabolism
yield
quality
