摘要
目次一缘起二K12出土动物遗存分析三相关问题讨论|缘起神禾原战国秦陵园位于陕西西安长安区韦曲南郊的神禾原西北部贾里村东,现为西安财经大学长安校区。陵园平面呈长方形,南北长548、东西宽312米,外环兆沟,内筑陵垣,近南部以东西向夯土隔墙分为南、北二区,设有内外五门;带有四墓道的“亞”字形大墓(M1)及所附十三座从葬坑位于北区,大型建筑基址位于南区东北靠隔墙处(图一)。
Shenheyuan Warring States period Qin mausoleum is located in the southern suburb of Weiqu,Chang'an District,Xi'an City,Shaanxi Province.The mausoleum has a high standard,complex facilities,and plenty of artifacts,with 13 burial pits distributed around a large"亞"-shaped tomb.Of particular importance,burial pit K12 can be identified as the earliest and highest-status royal garden-style pit,mainly burying rare birds and exotic animals.Burial pit K12,in the southeastern part of the tomb,is a rectangular north-south oriented mound,approximately 14.3m in length,2.5m in width,and 3.7m in depth,with a total area of approximately 36 sq m.Through the collection of animal bones unearthed from burial pit K12,morphological comparison and data measurement,and ancient DNA analysis,this paper accurately identified the genus and species of all unearthed animal bones.There are 17 individuals of 10 species in 9 genera.The animals recovered from the southern section are leopards,lynx,gibbons,black bears,and bharal,lying from south to north,representing 7 individuals of 5 species in 5 genera.These animals can undoubtedly be called‘exotic animals";the bird bones recovered from the northern section include tundra swan/whooper swan,mute swan,cranes,swan goose,and green peacocks,representing 10 individuals of 5 species in 4 genera.The animal bones buried in K12 are mostly rare and exotic animals,which certainly would not have served as a meat source,but likely represent the main rare animals that the tomb owner may have seen in the Qin court during his lifetime.It could be considered a funerary representation of the imperial court facilities.This study attempts to understand the cultural meaning of ritual animals,and their relationship to the status of the deceased from the perspective of zooarchaeology,providing archaeological evidence for the documented animal species in the royal court and new information for funerary culture research in the Warring States period and Qin-Han dynasties in the Guanzhong area.This is also the first time that ancient DNA was successfully extracted from bird remains in China,and species was identified at the molecular level.Those advances provide valuable materials for the identification of bird remains in the future.
作者
胡松梅
杨曈
杨苗苗
丁岩
张天恩
蔡大伟
Hu Songmei;Yang Tong;Yang Miaomiao;Ding Yan;Cai Dawei;Zhang Tian'en
出处
《考古学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期123-148,I0020,I0021,共28页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
基金
中共陕西省委宣传部2021年度“六个一批”人才项目“陕西长安神禾原战国秦陵原大墓丛葬坑K12出土珍禽异兽骨骼研究”的研究成果
