摘要
【目的】比较不同耕作培肥方式对土壤理化性质和小麦产量的影响,以解决砂姜黑土耕层浅薄、养分容量低的问题,实现小麦优质高产。【方法】田间试验(2018~2020年)采用裂区实验设计,旋耕和深耕为主区;5种培肥方式为副区,包括:单施化肥(CK),增施有机肥15 t hm^(-2)(15M)、有机肥22.5 t hm^(-2)(22.5M)、生物炭15 t hm^(-2)(15B)和生物炭22.5 t hm^(-2)(22.5B),分土层研究土壤理化指标和小麦产量的变化。【结果】深耕、施用生物炭和有机肥均显著提高0~10 cm土壤pH值,深耕显著提高10~30 cm土壤含水率,降低10~30 cm土壤容重和紧实度,生物炭对土壤容重和紧实度的改善优于有机肥。深耕配合生物炭或有机肥显著提高10~30 cm土层有机质和全氮含量;高量有机肥对速效养分的提升效果最佳。旋耕增施有机肥显著增加小麦赤霉病病穗率;深耕显著降低赤霉病病情指数,深耕22.5M处理比旋耕22.5M处理降低52.6%。连续2年的产量表明,深耕显著提高小麦产量,深耕配合高量生物炭和有机肥处理分别比深耕CK处理显著增产18.3%和9.0%。结构方程模型分析表明,深耕和生物炭主要通过影响土壤物理性质促进小麦增产,有机肥显著改善土壤化学性质,但高量有机肥能促进赤霉病的发生。【结论】深耕配合高量生物炭或适量有机肥有效改良砂姜黑土障碍因素并增加小麦产量。
[Objectives] The effects of different farming and fertilization methods on soil physical and chemical properties and wheat yield were compared, in order to solve the problems of shallow ploughing layer and low nutrient capacity in lime concretion black soil, and improve the quality and yield of wheat. [Methods] The field experiment was established in 2019-2020 using a split-plot design with rotary tillage and deep tillage as the main plots. Five fertilizer managements, including no organic fertilizer and biochar applied treatment(CK), application of 15 t hm^(-2)organic fertilizer(15M), application of 22.5 t hm^(-2)organic fertilizer(22.5M), application of 15 t hm^(-2)biochar(15B)and application of 22.5 t hm^(-2)biochar(22.5B). The effect of wheat yield and soil physicochemical properties at different soil layers were determined. Then the changes in soil physicochemical indices and wheat yield were studied for soil layers with different treatments. [Results] Deep tillage, biochar and organic fertilizer all significantly increased soil pH value in 0-10 cm, deep tillage significantly increased water content in 10-30 cm, and decreased bulk density and compactness of 10-30 cm. Biochar improved soil bulk density and compaction better than organic fertilizers. Deep plowing combined with biochar or organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the 10-30 cm soil layer, and high amount of organic fertilizer had the best effect on improving available nutrients. Rotary tillage and increased application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the diseased ear rate of wheat scab. Deep ploughing significantly decreased the disease index of scab, and the deep ploughing 22.5M treatment decreased the disease index by 52.6% compared with the rotary plowing 22.5M treatment. The yield for two consecutive years showed that deep ploughing significantly increased wheat yield, and high-amount biochar and organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased yield by 18.3% and 9.0% compared with deep ploughing CK treatment. Structural equation model analysis showed that deep tillage and biochar promoted wheat yield mainly by affecting soil physical properties, and organic fertilizer significantly improved soil chemical properties, but high amounts of organic fertilizer could promote the occurrence of scab. [Conclusions] Deep tillage combined with high amount of biochar or appropriate amount of organic fertilizer can effectively improve the barrier factors of lime concretion black soil and increase wheat yield.
作者
王梦宇
仝昊天
韩燕来
李培培
陈文举
毕庆生
WANG Meng-yu;TONG Hao-tian;HAN Yan-lai;LI Pei-pei;CHEN Wen-ju;BI Qing-sheng(College of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1431-1439,共9页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200606、2017YFD0301103)资助。
关键词
砂姜黑土
深耕
生物炭
有机肥
土壤理化性质
小麦产量
赤霉病
Lime concretion black soil
Deep tillage
Biochar
Organic fertilizer
Soil physicochemical property
Wheat yield
Wheat scab
