摘要
为了探讨1-MCP处理对不同采收期‘维纳斯黄金’苹果的采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。研究了生长发育期为185 d(采收期Ⅰ)、192 d(采收期Ⅱ)、199 d(采收期Ⅲ)的3个采收期果实分别用浓度为0(CK)和1.0μL/L 1-MCP处理后,在常温(20±0.5)℃条件下采后生理和贮藏品质变化规律。结果表明,晚采果实的呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰较早采果实高,出现时间较早,与CK相比,1-MCP处理能显著降低3个采收期果实的乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度,明显抑制或延缓呼吸高峰和乙烯跃变高峰的出现时间。1-MCP处理对采收期Ⅰ和采收期Ⅲ果实的淀粉含量、淀粉酶活性与CK差异均不显著(P>0.05),但1-MCP处理能保持3个采收期果实较高的硬度和原果胶含量、明显延缓可溶性果胶含量和PG酶(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶,Polygalacturonase)活性的上升,显著(P<0.05)抑制采收期Ⅱ果实贮藏13~25 d期间的淀粉酶活性上升,有效延缓淀粉转化。结果还表明,与采收期Ⅰ相比,采收期Ⅱ能维持‘维纳斯黄金’苹果较好的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C等品质;与采收期Ⅲ相比,采收期Ⅱ能保持果实较高的硬度和可滴定酸含量、明显延缓果实软化衰老,延长货架期。综合分析:常温贮藏25 d期间,生长发育期为192 d采收的‘维纳斯黄金’苹果结合1.0μL/L 1-MCP处理贮藏保鲜效果最佳,研究结果为明确生产中‘维纳斯黄金’苹果的最适采收期、维持果实采后品质和延缓果实软化衰老提供参考。
‘Venus Gold’apple(known as‘Weihaijin’)is a new variety of large fruit,late maturing,and fine apples by the Iwate University of Japan from the natural hybrid offspring.The‘Venus Gold’apple at its best maturity is favored by the market,due to its golden and crisp flesh,richness in juice and fresh fragrance,unique taste,and excellent quality.However,there is no accurate reference to determine the optimum harvest period or maturity of‘Venus Gold’apples at present.This study aims to clarify the influence of the 1-Methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatment on the postharvest physiology and storage quality of‘Venus Gold’apples at different harvest periods.A reliable theoretical basis and technical support were provided for the harvest standard of the‘Venus Gold’apples in the production,the quality improvement,as well as the delay of softening and aging in the postharvest storage.In this experiment,three harvest periods were selected as the growth and development period of 185 days(harvest period I),192 days(harvest period II),and 199 days(harvest period III).The concentration values were also set as 0(CK),and 1.0μL/L 1-MCP after treatment.The postharvest physiology and storage quality were evaluated at room temperature(20±0.5)℃at a relative humidity of 85%-90%.The results showed that there were higher and earlier peaks of respiration and ethylene in the late-harvested fruits,compared with the CK.The 1-MCP treatment significantly reduced the ethylene release rate and respiration intensity of fruits in the three harvest periods,and then significantly inhibited or delayed the occurrence of respiration and ethylene climacteric peak.There was no significant difference in the starch content and amylase activity between the 1-MCP treatment and CK in the fruits at the harvest stage I and III(P≥0.05).However,the 1-MCP treatment greatly contributed to the higher hardness and original pectin content of fruits at the harvest stage I and III,indicating the delay of the soluble pectin content and PG activity.There was a significantly(P<0.05)inhibited effect on the increase of amylase activity during the storage period of 13 to 25 days,indicating the effective delay of starch conversion.Harvest period II presented better quality of the soluble solids,titratable acid,and vitamin C of‘Venus Gold’apple,compared with harvest period I.By contrast,harvest period II significantly delayed the fruit softening and aging for the longer shelf life,indicating the higher fruit hardness and titratable acid content,compared with harvest period III.An optimal combination was achieved in the storage and freshness preservation after comprehensive analysis:the growth and development period of‘Venus Gold’apples was harvested in 192 days combined with the 1.0μL/L 1-MCP treatment during 25 days of normal temperature storage.
作者
王志华
贾朝爽
谭焕光
栾福健
张舒敏
Wang Zhihua;Jia Chaoshuang;Tan Huanguang;Luan Fujian;Zhang Shumin(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fruit Storage and Processing Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,China;Forestry and Grassland Development Center of Kailu County,Tongliao City,Tongliao 028400,China;Comprehensive Security and Technology Promotion Center in Jianhua Town of Kailu County,Tongliao 028400,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第20期293-300,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(161082020020)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-RIP)。
