摘要
为探明测墒微喷补灌对小麦产量形成的影响,以济麦22为试验材料,设置雨养(RI)、传统漫灌(FI)和微喷灌(MI)3种模式,其中RI为小麦全生育期不灌溉,FI为拔节期漫灌60mm,MI为拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期依据0~40 cm土层土壤质量含水量进行测墒补灌,补灌至土壤田间持水量的75%,研究其对小麦花后旗叶生理特性、干物质积累特征和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)小麦灌浆期旗叶表现为MI叶绿素含量显著高于FI和RI,RI最低;MI维持旗叶花后较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,FI保护酶活性次之,RI最低,且MI旗叶灌浆期丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于FI和RI。(2)MI和FI成熟期总干物质积累量无显著差异,二者显著高于RI,但MI显著提高了花后干物质积累对产量的贡献率;成熟期茎鞘干物质积累量表现为FI显著高于MI,RI最低,叶片、穗轴+颖壳和籽粒中均表现为MI显著高于FI,RI最低。(3)和RI相比,MI和FI增产幅度分别为21.7%和14.2%,RI产量显著降低是由于穗数、穗粒数和千粒重的显著下降,而MI较FI显著提高产量是由于穗粒数和粒重的增加。总之,测墒微喷补灌能显著延缓花后旗叶衰老进程,增强旗叶抗逆能力,促进干物质积累,实现淮北地区小麦的高产生产。
In order to explore the effects of micro-sprinkling with supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture on wheat yield formation,a field experiment was conducted,taken the high-yield wheat cultivar(Triticum aestivum L.)’Jimai22’as the study object.The experiment was designed with rain-fed(RI,i.e.,no irrigation during the whole growth period),traditional flood irrigation(FI,i.e.,irrigation with 60 mm at the jointing stage)and micro-sprinkling irrigation(MI,i.e.,supplemental irrigation was based on measuring soil moisture content of 0-40cm soil layers at the jointing stage,booting stage,anthesis stage and filling stage,respectively,and the soil moisture reached 75%field capacity).The physiological characteristics of flag leaf after anthesis,dry matter accumulation(DM)characteristics and grain yield(GY)of different treatments were investigated.The results showed that the chlorophyll content in the flag leaf of MI was significantly higher than that of FI and RI,and RI was the lowest.At the filling period,MI maintained the highest activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT),followed by FI,and RI was the lowest.However,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the flag leaf of MI at the filling stage was significantly lower than that of FI and RI.At maturity,there was no significant difference in total DM between MI and FI,and they were significantly higher than RI.Nevertheless,MI significantly increased the contribution of post anthesis DM to GY.In addition,the DM of stem and sheath at maturity showed that FI was significantly higher than MI,while RI was significantly lower than MI.And the DM in the leaves,spike-stalks+glumes and grains showed that MI was significantly higher than FI,and FI was significantly higher than RI.Compared with RI,the GY of MI and FI increased by 21.7%and 14.2%,respectively.The GY of RI decreased significantly due to the significant reduction of the spike number,grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight,however,compared with FI,the GY of MI increased significantly due to the increase in grain number and grain weight per spike.Overall,MI could significantly delay the senescence process of flag leaf after anthesis,enhance its stress resistance,promote DM,and realize the high-yield production of wheat in the Huaibei Plain.
作者
张梅芳
黄敬尧
李中蔚
王坤坤
李昕悦
李金才
宋有洪
李金鹏
ZHANG Meifang;HUANG Jingyao;LI Zhongwei;WANG Kunkun;LI Xinyue;LI Jincai;SONG Youhong;LI Jinpeng(School of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036)
出处
《安徽农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2022年第5期687-693,共7页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金(31871563)
安徽农业大学引进与稳定人才项目(yj2019-01)
“十四五”安徽省小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项资金共同资助。
关键词
小麦
测墒补灌
旗叶衰老
干物质积累
产量
wheat
irrigation based on testing soil moisture
flag leaf senescence
dry matter accumulation
yield
