摘要
目的:通过系统梳理国内、外相关文献,为强化“性别角色”,避免“性别角色异性化”提供循证依据。方法:检索PubMed、Web of science、中国知网等数据库,筛检体育锻炼干预3~18岁人群的研究,共纳入23篇文献。结果:中等强度活动更有利于提升身体吸引力,且对抗性项目对于男性,操舞类项目对于女性的效果更为显著;有氧练习更能提升女性青年外表态度;快速力量性运动、集体球类运动、上肢训练、同性环境更有助于提升身体自我满意度;进入青春期后,进行每周2-3次,持续时间40-50分钟,中等负荷强度的有氧、无氧及混合性训练可有效提升身体形象;格斗对抗性项目便于形成男性气质;男、女进行有氧训练,男性青春期时进行力量训练均有助于提高体内T的水平。启示:若确立我国不同阶段学生的“性别角色”,可采用的实现途径包括:大众媒体应引导健康阳光的身体意象;在儿童时期应注重特定气质的培养;选择适宜的运动环境、项目及负荷。
Objective:This paper is aimed at providing evidence-based proof usable for augmenting the presence of“gender roles”and preventing the heterogenization of gender role development by systematically sorting out the contents of relevant papers published inside and outside China.Methods:Relevant titles published in popular academic research databases,e.g.,PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI,were searched.They were further screened for contents related to the applications of sport and physical exercise interventions on students aged 3 to 25,at the end of which 35 papers were included.Results:Moderately intensive activities were found to be more conducive to improving physical attractiveness,with males and females respectively benefiting more significantly from contact sports and gymnastics/dance.Aerobics were reported to be able to improve the youthfulness in appearance and attitude among females.Sports that demand high levels of speed and physicality,as well as collective ball games,upper limb training and those done in same-sex environment,were concluded as being more conducive to improving physical self-satisfaction.Moreover,performing moderate-load aerobic,anaerobic,and mixed trainings for 2-3 times per week,and 40-50 minutes per session during puberty were deemed effective in enhancing body image,whereas competitive contact sports,in particular combat sports,were found helpful in the development of masculinity.Lastly,aerobics for males and females,as well as strength training for males undergoing puberty,were recorded as vital means for boosting testosterone levels.Conclusions:Establishing gender roles among Chinese students by age can be done by utilizing mass media to guide the development of a healthy and physically active body image,prioritizing the cultivation of age-specific dispositions and traits over the course of childhood,as well as selecting the appropriate environments,sports,and loads.
作者
董露露
陈亮
DONG Lu-lu;CHEN Liang(PE Department of Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)
出处
《福建体育科技》
2022年第6期11-16,共6页
Fujian Sports Science and Technology
基金
福建省社会科学规划项目,项目号:FJ2020B082。
关键词
性别角色
身体形象
性别气质
睾酮
身体活动
系统综述
实践启示
gender roles
body image
gender-specific dispositions
testosterone
physical activity
systematic review
practical inspirations
