摘要
【目的】通过对谷子灌浆期光合特性日变化的研究,寻找最优施肥处理,为推动内蒙古鄂尔多斯市小杂粮生产和产业发展提供参考。【方法】试验地位于准格尔旗沙圪堵镇,选用金苗K1为试验品种,设置施用磷钾化肥(PK,空白)、氮磷钾化肥(NPK,对照)、羊粪替代总施氮量20%(N+SM)、生物有机肥替代总施氮量20%(N+BM)、缓释复合肥替代总施氮量20%(N+HM)5个施肥处理,采用膜侧播种方式,分析谷子叶面积和灌浆期光合特性日变化及产量的差异。【结果】N+BM处理金苗K1叶面积在拔节期后均高于其他处理;不同处理净光合速率日变化均呈双峰曲线变化规律,存在光合午休现象,N+BM处理净光合速率最高,为17.5μmol/(m^(2)·s);各处理蒸腾速率最高值均出现在12:00—14:00;胞间CO_(2)浓度日变化呈“V”字形变化趋势,N+BM处理胞间CO_(2)浓度最低,为39.2 mmol/(m^(2)·s);各处理气孔导度和净光合速率变化趋势相同,最低值均出现在12:00—14:00,在12:00时N+BM处理气孔导度比NPK处理低33.3%。净光合速率与蒸腾速率存在显著正相关关系,与气孔导度存在极显著正相关关系。N+BM处理籽粒产量达到了5122 kg/hm^(2),较NPK处理提高16.2%。【结论】生物有机肥替代总施氮量20%可以提高谷子后期光合能力和干物质积累能力,增加产量,是鄂尔多斯市适宜的施肥方式。
【Objective】To find the optimal fertilization method through research on the diurnal variation of millet′s photosynthetic properties throughout the filling stage.To provide a reference for improving the production and industrial growth of side crops in Ordos City,Inner Mongolia.【Methods】In the test site at Shagedu,Junggar Banner,using Jinmiao K1 as test variety,five fertilization treatments were set up:phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(PK,blank),nitrogen-phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK,control),replacing 20%of the total nitrogen application with sheep manure(N+SM),replacing 20%of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer(N+BM),and replacing 20%of the total nitrogen application with slow-release compound fertilizer(N+HM).The membrane side planting was used to analyse the differences in millet leaf area,diurnal variations in photosynthetic properties during filling stage and yield.【Results】The leaf area of Jinmiao K1 in N+BM treatment was higher than that in other treatments after jointing stage.The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of different treatments showed bimodal curve change and had photosynthetic midday break.The net photosynthetic rate of N+BM treatment was the highest at 17.5μmol/(m^(2)·s).The highest transpiration rate of each treatment appeared from 12:00 to 14:00.The diurnal variation of intercellular CO_(2) concentration showed a‘V’shaped trend.The intercellular CO_(2) concentration in N+BM treatment was the lowest at 39.2 mmol/(m^(2)·s).The stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate of each treatment had the same trend with the lowest value appeared from 12:00 to 14:00.At 12:00,the stomatal conductance of N+BM treatment was 33.3%lower than that of NPK treatment.The net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with the transpiration rate,and extreme significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance.The grain yield of N+BM treatment reached 5122 kg/hm^(2),which was 16.2%higher than that of NPK treatment.【Conclusion】Replacing 20%of the total nitrogen application with bio-organic fertilizer improved the photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation capacity of millet in the later stage,increased yield,was a suitable fertilization method in Ordos City.
作者
张彪
赵沛义
任永峰
张鹏
高宏艳
韩云飞
杜二小
罗素菊
王宣茗
ZHANG Biao;ZHAO Peiyi;REN Yongfeng;ZHANG Peng;GAO Hongyan;HAN Yunfei;DU Erxiao;LUO Suju;WANG Xuanming(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture,Hohhot 010031,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2022年第5期34-40,共7页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(KJXM-EEDS-2020010)
关键词
谷子
光合指标
日变化
施肥处理
产量
Millet
Photosynthetic indexes
Diurnal variation
Fertilization treatments
Yield
