摘要
当前,民粹主义的兴起对代议制民主形成了较大冲击,是欧美国家民主政治危机的重要表现之一。代表性断裂是政治代表体制与民众之间出现的政治裂隙与信任危机,体现了公共政策与民众诉求的一致程度,英、美、法等发达国家民粹主义的兴起即为代表性断裂的结果。民众分化导致民意整合难度加大,代表日益服从国家的逻辑引起代表自主性增强,选举的问责功能失灵导致代议民主运行机制异化以及精英集团利益关系逐渐超出民族国家的界限,都在不同程度上造成和加剧了代表性的断裂。这不仅会瓦解传统的政治代表体制,使民主政治沦为精英政治,而且会造成政治失序和社会混乱。弥合代表性断裂,既应重视民意,尊重民意,注重对民意的回应;也应避免落入民意政治的窠臼。各国应追求民主政治而非民意政治;应在重视民意的基础上以理性制衡民主,而不是对所谓民意亦步亦趋。
The rise of populism has a huge impact on representative democracy.Representative rupture is the political rift and crisis of trust between the political representative system and the people,which reflects the consistency of public policies and the people’s demands.The rise of populism in developed countries is the result of representative rupture.The fragmentation of the people makes it more difficult to integrate the public opinion,and the representatives increasingly comply with the logic of the state,which leads to the increased autonomy of representatives.The failure of the accountability function of the election leads to the alienation of the operation mechanism of representative democracy and the interest relationship of the elite group gradually exceeds the boundary of the nation state,all of those have caused and intensified the representative rupture to varying degrees.This will not only collapse the traditional political representation system,reducing democracy to meritocracy,but also cause political disorder and social disorder.To bridge the gap in representativeness,we should not only pay attention to public opinion,respect public opinion,and pay attention to the response to public opinion,but also avoid falling into the trap of public opinion politics.Democratic politics rather than popular politics should be pursued by countries.We should balance democracy with reason on the basis of public opinion,instead of following the so-called public opinion.
作者
刘传明
林奇富
LIU Chuanming;LIN Qifu
出处
《国际展望》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期82-95,156,共15页
Global Review
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“当代民主代表理论研究”(17BZZ085)
吉林大学重点研究基地重大项目“作为政治过程的民主代表制研究”(2018XXJD01)
吉林大学行政学院研究生创新项目“国家治理体系下人大代表的角色和功能定位”的阶段性成果。
关键词
代表性断裂
代议制民主
民粹主义
政治代表体制
representative rupture
Europe
the United States
representative democracy
populism
political representation
