摘要
为更好确定油茶果实采收期,解决种实采收时机决策不当问题,2021年8月至11月,以湖南省邵东市黄草坪国有油茶林场栽培的“华金”、“华鑫”、“华硕”、“湘林210”油茶果为研究对象,研究了油茶籽成熟过程中果实品质的变化规律。结果表明:随着油茶果实的成熟,油茶横径、纵径、果形指数、单果质量、鲜籽质量、干籽质量、干仁质量、干出籽率、干出仁率等经济指标整体呈先上升,后保持平稳趋势,含水率呈下降趋势。内含物可溶性糖、淀粉质量分数不断下降,可溶性蛋白、含油率不断上升。其中,“华金”的种仁含油率最高,可达50.64%,“华鑫”、“湘林210”、“华硕”的种仁含油率最高值分别为45.81%、45.43%、44.33%。随着果实的成熟,4个品种油酸质量分数逐渐上升,亚油酸和棕榈酸质量分数逐渐下降,“湘林210”的油酸质量分数最高值为84.70%,亚油酸质量分数最低值为4.29%。考虑干出籽率、干出仁率、含油率、不饱和脂肪酸等因素,建议“华金”在10月11日左右采收,“华鑫”在10月25日左右采收,“湘林210”在11月1日左右采收,“华硕”在11月8日左右采收。
From August to November 2021,the changes of fruit quality during the ripening process of Camellia oleifera seeds were studied from August to November 2021 by taking the“Huajin”,“Huaxin”,“Huashuo”and“Xianglin 210”C.oleifera fruits cultivated in the state-owned Camellia oleifera Forest Farm in Shaodong City,Hunan Province.The results showed that with the ripening of C.oleifera fruit,the economic indicators such as cross diameter,longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,single fruit quality,fresh seed quality,dry seed quality,dry kernel quality,dry seed yield rate,and dry kernel yield rate increased first,and then maintained a stable trend,and the moisture content showed a downward trend.The contents of soluble sugar and starch continues to decrease,and the content rates ofsoluble protein and oil continue to increase.Among them,the oil content of seed kernels in the ripening stage of“Huajin”was the highest,up to 50.64%,and the highest oil content of seed kernels of“Huaxin”,“Xianglin 210”and“Asus”was 45.81%,45.43%and 44.33%,respectively.With the ripening of the fruits,the quality fractions of oleic acid of the four varieties gradually increased,the contents of linoleic acid and palmitic acid gradually decreased,and the highest value of oleic acid content of“Xianglin 210”was 84.70%,and the lowest value of linoleic acid content was 4.29%.Considering the dry seed yield,dry kernel yield,oil content,unsaturated fatty acids and other factors,it is recommended that“Huajin”be harvested around October 11,“Huaxin”around October 25,“Xianglin 210”around November 1,and“Asus”around November 8.
作者
苗森浩
马仲
苏淑钗
Miao Senhao;Ma Zhong;Su Shuchai(Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Protection of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,P.R.China)
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期37-44,共8页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1002401)
关键词
油茶
经济性状
内含物
脂肪酸
Oil tea
Economic traits
Inclusions
Fatty acids
