摘要
为明确黄淮海地区夏大豆适宜的叶面肥种类及喷施时期,以黄淮海地区推广种植面积最大的大豆品种齐黄34为试材,研究了大豆生产中常用的4种叶面肥对大豆生长发育及产量的影响,筛选适宜的叶面肥种类;然后,设置不同喷施次数和喷施时间处理,以确定适宜的喷施次数和时期。结果表明:4种叶面肥均可以显著降低大豆植株底荚高度,明显提高节数、有效荚数、单株粒数、百粒重和产量,但对有效分枝数影响不大。喷施磷酸二氢钾处理的植株综合农艺性状表现最好,产量最高,磷酸二氢钾是大豆适宜的叶面肥种类。增加喷施磷酸二氢钾的次数有利于促进大豆植株生长,改善植株农艺性状,提高植株干重及产量。磷酸二氢钾在开花期或结荚期单次喷施时,大豆产量较高;而在鼓粒期喷施,产量较低。开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期各喷施1次磷酸二氢钾处理的大豆产量(3905.17 kg/hm^(2))最高,在开花期和结荚期各喷施1次磷酸二氢钾处理的大豆产量(3895.67 kg/hm^(2))次之,分别较清水对照增产18.11%和17.83%,2个处理的产量差异不显著。考虑大豆增产效果及肥料降低成本,认为磷酸二氢钾喷施关键时期为大豆开花期和结荚期,在2个时期各喷施1次效果较好。
In order to determine the suitable foliar fertilizer types and spraying period for summer soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai region,Qihuang 34,a soybean variety with the largest planting area in this region was used as the material,and the effects of four foliar fertilizers commonly used in soybean production on growth,development and yield of soybean were studied.The suitable foliar fertilizer types were selected,and the appropriate spraying times and periods were determined.The results showed that the four foliar fertilizers could significantly reduce the bottom pod height,significantly increase the number of nodes,effective pods,seeds per plant,100-seed weight and yield,but had little effect on the number of effective branches.The plants sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate had the best comprehensive agronomic characters and the highest yield.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was the suitable foliar fertilizer for soybean.Increasing the spraying times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was beneficial to promote the growth of soybean plants,improve the agronomic characters of plants,and increase the dry weight and yield of plants.The yield of soybean was higher when potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed at the flowering stage or pod setting stage.However,spraying at the grain filling stage resulted in lower yield.The soybean yield of the treatment of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate once at flowering stage,pod setting stage and grain filling stage was the highest(3905.17 kg/hm^(2)),and that of the treatment of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate once at flowering stage and pod setting stage was the second(3895.67 kg/hm^(2)),which was 18.11%and 17.83%higher than that of the control,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two treatments.Therefore,considering the effect of increasing soybean yield and reducing fertilizer cost,it is considered that the key period of potassium dihydrogen phosphate spraying is the flowering period and pod setting period,and the better effect is each spray one time in two periods.
作者
田艺心
高凤菊
曹鹏鹏
高祺
华方静
王春雨
朱冠雄
TIAN Yi-xin;GAO Feng-ju;CAO Peng-peng;GAO Qi;HUA Fang-jing;WANG Chun-yu;ZHU Guan-xiong(Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou 253015,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2022年第5期48-52,共5页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
山东省重点研发计划公益类科技攻关项目(2019GNC21329)
山东省农业良种工程项目(2019LZGC004)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系杂粮创新团队建设项目(SDAIT-5-01)。
关键词
黄淮海
大豆
叶面肥
喷施时期
磷酸二氢钾
Huang-Huai-Hai
Soybean
Leaf fertilizer
Spraying period
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
