摘要
雄安新区环华北明珠“白洋淀”而规划,为建成蓝绿交织,水城共融的美丽新区奠定了景观基础和生态环境基础.而白洋淀作为历史上“九河下梢”的湖泊,其流域内降雨径流呈现汇流面积大、流路短、汇流时间集中的特征,因此给防洪带来巨大压力.历史上白洋淀流域洪涝灾害也较为频繁.本文通过对雄安新区区域(安新县、雄县和容城县)1470~2020年长时间序列洪涝史料的收集和梳理,利用现代降水量数据,结合《中国近五百年旱涝分布图集》的降水量定级公式,建立了1470~2020年雄安新区区域洪涝灾害等级序列,并分析了防洪标准的代表性.研究发现1470~2020年间该区域共发生洪涝灾害240次,平均2.3年发生一次,其中4,3,2和1级洪涝分别为7,31,85和117次,但是近50年来洪涝频次和强度均有所降低.空间分布上,近河淀区域逢涝必淹,容城北部、西北部和雄县北部、中部区域由于地势较高,且距河淀较远,即使4级特大洪涝也未曾被淹.历史上的4级特大洪涝已经高于大清河水系50年一遇的度汛标准,在未来气候变暖,华北地区再度湿润化的趋势下,建立在偏旱时段下的防洪标准和措施能否抵御极端洪水需进一步研究.
The Xiong’an New Area is planned adjacent to the Baiyangdian Lake,which is considered the Pearl of North China.The lake lays a landscape and ecological environment foundation for the construction of a new city with blue water and green trees.However,as a lake at the bottom of historical“Nine Rivers”,the rainfall runoff in the Baiyangdian Lake basin is characterized by a large confluence area,a short flow path,and a concentrated confluence time.These characteristics exert tremendous strain on flood control in the Baiyangdian Lake basin.Floods have occurred frequently in the Baiyangdian Lake basin throughout history.This paper collected and sorted historical records of floods between 1470 and 2020 in Xiong’an New Area(Anxin,Xiongxian,and Rongcheng),used modern precipitation data,combined the precipitation grading formula of Atlas of Drought and Flood Distribution in China in Recent 500 Years,established the flood disaster grading sequence of Xiong’an New Area from 1470 to 2020,and analyzed the representative of the flood control standards.During the study period,240 floods occurred in the study area from 1470 to 2020,with an average occurrence of 2.3 a,floods of grades 4,3,2,and 1 occurred 7,31,85,and 117 times,respectively.However,the frequency and intensity of floods in the past 50 years have reduced.In terms of spatial distribution,any flood will inevitably flood the lake area near the river.Even with a grade 4 flood,the northern and northwestern parts of Rongcheng and the northern and central parts of Xiongxian were not flooded owing to the high terrain and distance from the river.The recorded grade 4 extreme floods exceed the Daqing River’s“once in 50 years”flood standard.Given the trend of future climate warming and the re-humidification of North China,it is necessary to investigate whether the flood control standards and measures established during the drought period will be able to withstand further extreme floods.
作者
易雨君
徐雯钦
刘泓汐
YI YuJun;XU WenQin;LIU HongXi(State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science of Ministry of Education,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,China)
出处
《中国科学：技术科学》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期1543-1554,共12页
Scientia Sinica(Technologica)
基金
北京市自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金(批准号:JQ19034)
国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金(批准号:52025092)资助项目。
关键词
雄安新区
洪涝灾害
防洪标准
白洋淀
Xiong’an New Area
flood events
flood control standard
Baiyangdian Lake
