摘要
以黄瓜品种‘津优101’(Jinyou101)为试材,进行人工环境控制试验,设计三因素正交试验,高温设计4个水平,即32℃(日最高气温)/22℃(日最低气温)、35℃/25℃、38℃/28℃和41℃/31℃;空气相对湿度设计3个梯度水平,分别为50%±5个百分点、70%±5个百分点和90%±5个百分点,处理持续时间为3d、6d、9d和12d,以28℃/18℃、50%±5个百分点为对照(CK)。测定不同处理下黄瓜叶片叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数,以了解高温高湿对黄瓜叶片光系统Ⅱ中心叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:在日最高温度32~41℃范围内,随着温度的升高,苗期黄瓜叶片快速荧光动力学标准化曲线ΔV_(t)在J相和K相呈现明显凸起,41℃处理ΔV_(t)的曲线凸起最明显(ΔV_(J)=0.24848、ΔV_(K)=0.09116),且ΔK和ΔJ均>0,标准化曲线ΔW_(t)呈现明显的K峰,70%空气相对湿度处理的标准化曲线ΔV_(t)无明显凸起(ΔV_(J)=0.00421,ΔV_(K)=-0.0031)。随着温度的升高,单位反应中心耗散掉的能量(DI_(o)/RC)、用于热耗散的量子比率(φD_(o))均有所升高,41℃处理下最高,较CK分别增加85.24%和18.96%;用于电子传递的量子产额(φE_(o))、单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(ET_(o)/RC)有所降低,41℃处理下最低,较CK分别减少49.64%和38.05%。在高温胁迫下,空气相对湿度70%处理下ET_(o)/RC和φE_(o)均大于50%和90%处理,较50%处理分别增大28.69%和47.04%,较90%处理分别增大18.36%和12.02%。研究认为高温破坏了黄瓜叶片光系统的结构和功能,使光化学效率下降,70%空气相对湿度可以减轻高温对光系统Ⅱ供体侧和受体侧的损害,缓解高温对黄瓜叶片光合机构的伤害。
In order to study the effects of high temperature and high humidity on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in the center of photosystem II of cucumber leaves at the seedling stage,a cucumber variety"Jinyou 101"was used as the test material to conduct an artificial environment control experiment.A three-factor orthogonal test was designed,and a high temperature conditions was designed with 4 levels:32℃(the highest daily temperature)/22℃(the lowest daily temperature),35℃/25℃,38℃/28℃and 41℃/31℃.The air relative humidity was designed with three gradient levels:50%±5pp(percent point),70%±5pp and 90%±5pp.The treatment duration was designed with 4 levels:3d,6d,9d and 12d,and 28℃/18℃,50%±5%was used as the control(CK).The kinetic parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in cucumber leaves under different treatments were determined to understand the effect of high temperature and high humidity on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cucumber photosystem II center.The results showed that:In the daily maximum range of 32-41℃,with the increase of temperature,the normalized curveΔV_(t) of fast fluorescence kinetics of cucumber leaves at seedling stage showed obvious convexity in J and K phases.The curve ofΔV_(t) at 41℃was the most obvious(ΔV_(J)=0.24848,ΔV_(K)=0.09116),and bothΔK andΔJ were>0.The normalized curveΔW_(t) exhibits a distinct K peak.However,the normalized curveΔV_(t) of 70%relative air humidity treatment had no obvious bulge(ΔV_(J)=0.00421,ΔV_(K)=-0.0031).With the increase of temperature,the energy dissipated per unit reaction center(DI_(o)/RC)and the quantum ratio used for heat dissipation(φD_(o))both increased,reaching the highest at 41℃.Compared with CK,DI_(o)/RC andφD_(o)increased by 85.24%and 18.96%respectively at 41℃.The quantum yield for electron transfer(φE_(o))and the energy for electron transfer captured by unit reaction center(ET_(o)/RC)were reduced,reaching the lowest at 41℃,which were 49.64%and 38.05%less than CK,respectively.Under the high temperature stress,ET_(o)/RC andφE_(o)were higher than 50%and 90%in the treatment of 70%relative air humidity.Compared with the 50%treatment,the ET_(o)/RC andφE_(o)increased by 28.69%and 47.04%under the 70%relative air humidity treatment,and increased by 18.36%and 12.02%compared with the 90%treatment.Research suggests that high temperature destroys the structure and function of the photosystem of cucumber leaves,resulting in a decrease in photochemical efficiency.The relative air humidity of 70%can reduce the damage of high temperature on the donor side and acceptor side of photosystem II,and relieve the damage of high temperature on the photosynthetic mechanism of cucumber leaves.
作者
李岩宸
杨再强
杨立
罗靖
张丰寅
LI Yan-chen;YANG Zai-qiang;YANG Li;LUO Jing;ZHANG Feng-yin(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology,Nanjing 210044)
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第11期912-922,共11页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002202)。
关键词
高温高湿
黄瓜
光系统Ⅱ
叶绿素荧光
High temperature and humidity disaster
Cucumber
Photosystem II
Chlorophyll fluorescence
