摘要
受能源压力、环保要求、消费者需求日趋多样化等因素的影响,汽车制造企业改进整车制造体系、优化成本、挖掘新利润空间迫在眉睫。零部件入厂物流作为汽车物流系统中最复杂的部分,其过程优化是降低汽车制造企业物流总成本的关键。为提高汽车产业链效益,降低零部件入厂物流成本,本文采用需求可拆分Milk-run与Supply-hub协同对汽车零部件入厂物流进行优化。利用需求可拆分的Milk-run方式代替干线直运方式进行集并运输。构建了具有单边柔性时间窗的需求可拆分Milk-run模型。运用改进的Tabu Search算法对模型进行求解。通过应用分析,结果表明本文提出的方法提高了车辆的装载率,减少了派车数量与行驶里程,降低了汽车零部件入厂物流成本。
Under the influence of energy pressure,environmental protection and the increasing diversification of consumer demand,it is urgent for automobile manufacturing enterprises to improve the manufacturing system,optimize the cost,and tap the new profit space.As the most complex part of automobile logistics system,the optimization of inbound logistics is the key to reduce the total logistics cost of automobile manufacturing enterprises.The mainstream inbound logistics model of automobile manufacturers is Supply-hub.Supply-hub uses trunk transportation to transport parts to Hub.Then,according to Kanban or JIT,it distributes the parts to the automobile manufacturer.The trunk transportation link failed to realize the horizontal coordinatoin of logistics operations among suppliers.Milk-run has the characteristics of coincidence between the pick-up plan and the production plan,short pick-up cycle and small pick-up batch,etc.,which meets the supply demand of auto parts and is conducive to the horizontal coordination of logistics operations between suppliers.Therefore,it is more scientific and reasonable to integrate Milk-run with Supply-hub.At present,most of the research on the collabration mode of Milk-run and Supply-hub uses Milk-run with indivisible demand for pickup,and each supply point can only be visited once.Dror and Trudeau have proved through 540 calculation examples that when the supply points are accessed multiple times through demand splitting,this will help to increase the vehicle loading rate.Therefore,in order to improve the efficiency of supply chain and reduce the inbound logistics cost,the inbound logistics is optimized by using the combination pattern of delivery-split Milk-run and Supply-hub.Using delivery-split Milk-run instead of trunk line direct transportation for collection,a mathematical model of delivery-split Milk-run with one-sided flexible time window is constructed.Delivery-split allows each supply point to be visited many times,the vehicle loading rate will be improved,which is beneficial to the reduction of the number of vehicles used and the total mileage of transportation.The unilateral flexible time window,rather than the hard time window,is chosen to make the model more realistic.The objective of the model is to minimize transportation cost,vehicle fixed-use cost,punishment cost,waiting cost and storage cost.The constraints of the model are to satisfy capacity,cycle time and flow equilibrium.In order to solve this model,an improved tabu search algorithm is designed from the initial solution and neighborhood transformation rules.And the effectiveness and feasibility of the designed algorithm are verified by the solomon standard data.Finally,through application research on A automobile manufacturing enterprises,it shows that:a)Nearly half of the vehicles have a loading rate of 80%,and the method proposed in this paper can improve the loading rate of the vehicle;b)The number of vehicles is reduced by more than one third,and the mileage is reduced by more than one quarter;c)It cut down the inbound logistics cost of the automobile manufacturing enterprises,and 15%lower cost than before optimization.It is shown that automobile manufacturing enterprises adopts the delivery-split Milk-run model to collect parts more economically.
作者
黄肖玲
陈焕平
高晓楠
王丹
刘进平
陈继红
HUANG Xiao-ling;CHEN Huan-ping;GAO Xiao-nan;WANG Dan;LIU Jin-ping;CHEN Ji-hong(College of Transportation Engineering,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China;College of Transport&Communication,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《中国管理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期59-68,共10页
Chinese Journal of Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71371038,71431001,51409157)。
