摘要
了解哺乳犊牛的营养需要,是牧场对哺乳犊牛进行精细化饲养,节本增效的关键。本文对比分析了国内外有关哺乳犊牛蛋白质、能量、维生素和矿物质元素的需要量研究,并对第八版奶牛营养需要相关部分进行了详细阐述。结果发现,在犊牛哺乳期,相比于日粮能量水平,许多研究重点关注日粮蛋白水平,哺乳期代乳粉蛋白适宜水平集中在21%~27%,开食料适宜蛋白水平集中在18%~24%,我国规模化牧场开食料蛋白水平平均值为21.4%。另一方面,相关研究对于哺乳犊牛维生素的需要量进行了更新,增加了哺乳犊牛维生素E和D的需要量以保障犊牛健康发育,维生素A、D、E每日需要量分别应为6600IU、2100IU、125IU。同时哺乳期矿物质元素的需要量公式进一步更新,以精确满足犊牛的需要并防止过量供给。
Understanding the nutrient requirements of pre-weaning dairy calves is very important for precision feeding,cost saving and increased feed efficiency on dairy farms.Thus,we analyzed domestic and foreign research on protein,energy,vitamin and mineral requirements of dairy calves,and stated the progress in nutrient requirements.The results showed that most of studies have focused on dietary protein rather than dietary energy levels in the past decades.The recommendation for protein level of milk replacer and starter were from 21%to 27%and from 18%to 24%,respectively.The average protein level in starter was 21.4%on large-scale dairy farms in China.On the other hand,the vitamin requirements,mainly vitamin E and D,increased to ensure healthy development of calves.The daily requirements of vitamins A,D,and E were 6600 IU,2100 IU,and 125 IU,respectively.Meanwhile,the mineral requirements equation during pre-weaning period were further updated to accurately meet the requirements of calves and prevent oversupply.
作者
陈天宇
肖鉴鑫
刘帅
Gibson Maswayi Alugongo
徐一洺
曹志军
CHEN Tian-yu;XIAO Jian-xin;LIU Shuai;Gibson Maswayi Alugongo;XU Yi-ming;CAO Zhi-jun(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)
出处
《中国奶牛》
2022年第7期53-63,共11页
China Dairy Cattle
基金
中国农业大学2115人才工程(00109017)。
关键词
哺乳犊牛
蛋白需要
能量需要
维生素
矿物质
Pre-weaning dairy calves
Protein requirements
Energy requirements
Vitamins
Minerals
