摘要
作格动词一直是国内外学者的研究热点,但国内外语言学界对作格动词的定义和归类尚不完全一致,因此文章首先明确作格动词的两个判定标准,即是否为兼类动词和具有使役性;继而研究英汉两种语言中符合该标准的作格动词使用范式,从句法和语义两个界面比较分析英汉作格动词的共相与殊相,为作格动词的习得和相关研究提供支持。本项研究发现,英汉作格动词的主要共相如下:在句法上,具有时体标记、可进行使役句转换以及可被反身代词修饰;在语义上,结果状态义均指向宾论元。主要殊相有:英语作格动词词缀形式多样,大部分为单词素词;而汉语作格动词多为多词素词,词缀形式单一,且两种语言作格动词修饰域内论元方式不同。
Ergative verbs have always been the research focus of scholars at home and abroad, but the definition and classification of ergative verbs in linguistic circles are not completely consistent. Therefore, this paper first defines the two criteria of ergative verbs, that is, whether they are multi-category verbs and causative. Then it studies the use paradigm of ergative verbs in English and Chinese, that is, to compare and analyze the similarities and differences between English and Chinese ergative verbs from the two interfaces of syntax and semantics, so as to provide support for the acquisition of ergative verbs and related research. This study finds that the main similarities between English and Chinese ergative verbs are as follows: syntactically, they have tense and aspect markers, can be transformed into causative sentences and can be modified by reflexive pronouns;semantically, the result state meaning points to the object argument. The main differences are: English ergative verbs have various affixes, most of which are prime words;Chinese ergative verbs are mostly multi-morpheme words with single affix form, and the ways of modifying arguments in the domain of ergative verbs in the two languages are different.
出处
《现代英语》
2022年第10期95-98,共4页
Modern English
基金
黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“作格动词推定语言类型显赫范畴研究”,项目编号:20YYE253。
关键词
作格动词
句法
语义
使役性
论元
ergative verbs
syntax
semantics
causation
argument
