摘要
洪武、永乐年间,程朱理学被确立为官方的意识形态,科举考试亦要严格遵从程朱理学的传注。这一方面促进了程朱理学的传播,但另一方面也使其日趋僵化,从而丧失进一步发展的活力。随着明中期以来士风的凋敝与心学的萌发,程朱理学在思想界的正统地位开始受到挑战,这一点亦体现在科举考试中。丘濬作为当时的“理学名臣”,致力于维护程朱理学的权威,他还曾任国子监祭酒,而且多次担任乡、会试的同考官和主考官,其间多次阐发其举业思想,其理学著述《大学衍义补》等也有很多地方体现了其举业思想。丘濬的举业思想旨在匡正程朱理学之流弊,革除科场上的歪曲风气,不仅彰显了鲜明的经世致用色彩,更是反映了成化、弘治年间科举指导思想的微妙变化。
During the Hongwu and Yongle reigns,Cheng-Zhu Confucianism was established as the official ideology,and the imperial examinations had to follow the annotations of Cheng-Zhu Confucianism strictly.While promoting the spread of Cheng-Zhu Confucianism,this led to its increasing fossilization,and lost its vitality for further development.With the waning of the scholarly style and the emergence of mentalism since the Mid-Ming Dynasty,Cheng-Zhu Confucianism as the orthodoxy in the ideology field began to be challenged,which was deeply reflected in the imperial examinations at that time.As a ruler of Confucianism for the time,Qiu Jun devoted himself to upholding the authority of Cheng-Zhu Confucianism,and acted as a Chancellor or Guozijian Jijiu,along with the co-judges or presiding judges of provincial and metropolitan examinations for a few times.During these periods,he repeatedly illuminated his ideas of imperial examinations,which were also concluded in his works of Confucianism Daxue Yanyi Bu.Aiming to rectify the shortcomings of Cheng-Zhu Confucianism and eliminate the distorted atmosphere in the imperial examination rooms,his views of imperial examinations not only revealed a distinctively practical color,but also reflected the subtle changes in the imperial examination thoughts during the Chenghua and Hongzhi reigns.
作者
朱彤
张献忠
ZHU Tong;ZHANG Xian-zhong(School of History and Culture,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjing 300387,China)
出处
《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2022年第2期76-83,共8页
Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BZS009)。
关键词
丘濬
举业思想
程朱理学
Qiu Jun
idea of the imperial examination
Cheng-Zhu Confucianism
