摘要
明成化、弘治年间,白沙心学兴起,以新的学术方法和观念迅速传播,其从异端而为正统,以两大事件为标志。一是龟山从祀。宋儒龟山先生杨时因与蔡京有关系,后世不得从祀孔庙;明天顺八年(1464)陈献章于春阳台悟道创立白沙心学,成化二年(1466)被太学祭酒邢让称学比龟山,是为"真儒复出",此后陈献章声名渐起;弘治四年(1491),南京国子监祭酒谢铎奏事,要求以学如杨时者为太学师、杨时从祀孔庙以正典祀;弘治八年(1495),龟山得从祀孔庙。杨时地位的确立标志着白沙心学被社会正统所认可。二是弘治科场案。弘治十二年(1499),主考官程敏政受白沙心学影响而提倡陆(心)学,因试题的心学倾向,遭到朝野反对势力围攻,虽然事件使程敏政致仕,但白沙再传弟子伦文叙得中状元,科场案使白沙心学更加深入人心。
Growing up during the Period of Emperors Chenghua and Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, Baisha Mind Philosophy spreads rapidly due to its new academic methods and notions, and its transformation from heterodoxy to orthodoxy is marked by two influential events. One is that Guishan is enshrined, and the other is the imperial examination case in the Period of Emperor Hongzhi. Guishan, Mr. Yang Shi, was a famous Confucian in the Song Dynasty, who was not allowed to be enshrined at a Confucius Temple for his relation with Cai Jing. In 1464, the eighth year of Tianshun Period, Chen Xianzhang, was enlightened to establish Baisha Mind Philosophy at Chunyangtai, and was praised like Guishan, a real Confucian, in 1466, the second year of Chenghua Period by the chancellor of imperial college Xing Rang, thereafter gaining a great fame. In 1491, the fourth year of Hongzhi Period, Xie Duo, the chancellor of imperial college in Nanjing, offered a petition to the emperor, invit- ing the learned scholars like Yang Shi to teach at imperial college while enshrining Yang Shi at the Confucius Temple. Till 1495, the eighth year of Hongzhi Period, Guishan was enshrined at the Confucius Temple. The confirmation of Yang Shi indicated the acceptance of Baisha Mind Philosophy as one orthodoxy in the society. As with the Imperial Examination Case, the examiner Cheng Minzheng advocated Lu （Mind） philosophy in 1499, the twelfth year of Hongzhi period, and was persecuted by the court and commonalty for his Mind philosophy in the examination questions. Although Cheng Minzheng was dismissed from his post due to this event, Lun Wenxu, a Baisha disciple, got the number one in the examination, and in turn this case made Baisha Mind Philosophy more popular.
出处
《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2017年第6期92-99,共8页
Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）
基金
广西师范大学文学院/新闻与传播学院2017年科学研究项目(WKY0006)
关键词
陈献章
白沙心学
龟山从祀
程敏政
弘治科场案
Chen Xianzhang
Baisha Mind Philosophy
enshrining Guishan
Cheng Minzheng
Imperial Exam- ination Case in the Period of Emperor Hongzhi
