摘要
鸿胪作为中国古代负责民族交往事务的国家机构,源远流长,影响重大。自汉至唐,鸿胪对外主要负责民族来朝礼仪,对内事务较多。不同时期,鸿胪机构设置繁简不一,职官品级逐渐下降,职能逐渐减少,甚至有时被省。这些变化都是依据现实需求产生,包括国力削弱、对外事务减少、加强中央集权等。经南北朝至隋唐,鸿胪渐由卿变寺,位居尚书曹、三省之后,唐时对外只负责来使的接待和生活等事,职权大多被分。总体上,鸿胪的沿革经历了从综合性、不确定性到相对单一和专业化的演变,体现了不同时期的民族关系格局和民族政策。鸿胪作为外交礼仪机构,自始至终体现出中国古代的礼治传统和价值追求,体现着中国自古以来追求天下一统又和而不同的理念。
As a significant institution in charge of ethnic affairs in ancient China,Honglu had a long history.From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty,Honglu was mainly responsible for the reception rites of tributary envoys,as well as more internal affairs concerned.Honglu,as an administrative unit,had complex or simple organization in different periods,and sometime was eliminated.Meanwhile,the ranks of its officials had been gradually downgraded,and its functions had been gradually reduced.Under different circumstances,such as the weakening of the power,the reduction of external affairs,and the strengthening of centralization,the agency and responsibilities of Honglu changed.From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty,Honglu gradually changed from the Qing卿of the court to the Si寺,an administrative unit under the Shangshu Cao尚书曹and Sansheng三省.In the Tang Dynasty,it was only responsible for the reception of the envoys,and most of its functions were divided among other units.Generally speaking,Honglu experienced the change from a comprehensive and uncertain agency to a relatively specialized unit.Through its change,we can see the change of the ethnic relationship and ethnic policies in different periods.As a ritual institution of reception affairs,Honglu had embodied the ritual rules and value pursuit in ancient China and embodied the Chinese philosophy of pursuing the unification of the tianxia天下and harmony in diversity since ancient times.
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期67-79,M0004,M0005,共15页
Ethno-National Studies
基金
2020年国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大研究专项“中国历代民族治理研究”(项目编号:20@WTZ007)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
汉朝
唐朝
鸿胪
民族
鸿胪寺
the Han Dynasty
the Tang Dynasty
Honglu
ethnic groups
Honglu Si
