摘要
为深入探讨人工湿地中耐盐植物协同基质材料在高盐条件下净化水体的作用机理,以美人蕉(Canna indica L.)、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Loisel.)、海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)三种植物为研究对象,探讨了植物协同单一填料、复合填料,在不同碳氮比、盐度条件下,各装置对受损高盐水水质的净化效果,在对系统内植物的酶活性、植物根际与填料表面微生物多样性与群落结构分析基础上探讨其净化机理.结果表明:①当碳氮比为4∶1、盐度为15时,含碱矿渣材料的海三棱藨草装置(CW-Sc)对TN、TP、COD的净化效果最佳,净化率分别为45.38%、78.89%、50.32%.②CW-Sc装置中植物叶片酶活性、可溶性糖、蛋白及过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量较高,丙二醛(MDA)含量较低,表明植物受损坏程度低.碱矿渣材料协同植物可提升可溶性糖、蛋白含量及保护酶的活性,增强湿地植物修复受损水体的效果.③碱矿渣材料电镜扫描(SEM)结果表明,海三棱藨草装置中碱矿渣材料对微生物的挂膜效果与其他装置差异显著.④CW-Sc装置中植物根系微生物和填料表面微生物群落的丰度、多样性和结构分布状况较佳,碱矿渣材料可有序优化装置内微生物结构分布,协同发挥菌群优势;植物根际革兰氏阴性菌、杆菌比例显著提高,使系统在运行过程中逐渐适应盐胁迫,提升微生物蛋白质直系同源基因簇(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins,COG)功能的丰富度,强化湿地中污染物的降解效果.研究显示,在高盐条件下耐盐植物海三棱藨草协同碱矿渣材料能够提高湿地系统对污染水体的净化效果,可为近海、滨海高盐水生态修复提供一定参考依据与理论技术支撑.
In order to deeply explore the mechanism of salt-tolerant plants cooperating with matrix materials to purify water under high salt conditions in constructed wetlands,with Canna indica L.,Spartina alterniflora Loisel.and Scirpus marquetry as the research objects,the purification effect of plants combined with alkali slag composite material on damaged high salinity water under different carbon-nitrogen ratios and salinity conditions was studied.The purification mechanism was studied by analyzing the enzyme activity,diversity and the community structure of the plant rhizosphere and the filler surface.The results showed that:(1)When the C/N was 4∶1 and salinity was 15,Scirpus mariqueter device with alkali slag composite material(CW-Sc)had the best purification effect on TN,TP and COD,which was 45.38%,78.89%and 50.32%,respectively.(2)The content of soluble sugar,plant leaf enzyme activity,protein and catalase(CAT)in CW-Sc device was the highest,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was low,and the damage degree of plants was low.The alkali slag composite material and plants synergistically increased the activities of soluble sugar,protein and protective enzyme,and enhanced the purification effect of wetland system.(3)The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images of the alkali slag showed that the effect of alkali slag on microbial biofilm formation in Sparganum japonicum plant was significantly different from other plants.(4)The abundance,diversity and structure distribution of plant root microorganism and packing surface microorganism community in CW-Sc unit were better.The alkali slag could optimize the microbial structure distribution in the unit in an orderly way,and synergically gave play to the advantages of microbial community.At the same time,the proportion of gram-negative bacteria and bacteria in plant rhizosphere increased significantly,making the system gradually adapt to salt stress during operation,increasing the functional richness of orthologous groups of microbial proteins(COG),and enhancing the degradation effect of pollutants in the wetland.Studies have shown that under high-salt conditions,the salt-tolerant plant S.marigolds and alkali slag materials can improve the purification effect of the wetland system on polluted water bodies,which can provide some reference basis and theoretical support for the ecological restoration of offshore and coastal high salt water.
作者
张饮江
李肖
程梦雨
赵志淼
ZHANG Yinjiang;LI Xiao;CHENG Mengyu;ZHAO Zhimiao(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Conservation of Hebei Province,Hengshui 053030,China;Shanghai University Engineering Research Center for Water Environment and Ecology,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Taihe Water Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期161-172,共12页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(No.51909157)
河北省湿地生态与保护重点实验室(筹)开放基金项目(No.hklk201912)
上海河湖生物链构建及资源化利用工程技术研究中心(No.20DZ2250700)。
关键词
人工湿地
含盐水体
耐盐植物
微生物
酶活性
constructed wetland
saline water body
salt-tolerant plants
microbes
enzyme activity
