摘要
晶体硅太阳能电池是光伏行业中最重要的一种电池。在利用硅原料制备电池材料的过程中,需要将硅锭切割成硅薄片。切割过程中近一半的硅会以超细粉末形式进入切割液形成大量切割废料,造成硅资源浪费以及环境污染。切割废料由90%的硅粉和少量的Fe、Al、Ca等杂质组成。目前切割废料利用的研究主要集中在回收高纯硅和制备含硅材料领域。回收高纯硅可实现硅资源从生产末端回到生产端的循环利用,但市场对硅粉纯度要求高,且去杂提纯过程能耗高,还会产生废水废渣等二次污染。将切割废料直接用于制备合金、陶瓷、纳米材料以及电池材料等含硅材料,可获得相应的高附加值材料,但针对产品性能可控性及整体质量提升仍具有很大的研究空间。本文简述了多晶硅金刚石线切割废料的产生过程和组成特点,总结了切割废料用于回收高纯硅、制备含硅合金、含硅氮化物、含硅纳米材料及含硅电池材料等资源化利用的研究进展,综述了回收高纯硅的各种方法(酸浸除杂法、熔炼法、其他新方法)并分析了制备含硅材料各工艺的优缺点,探讨了未来资源化利用的发展方向。
Crystalline silicon solar cell is one of the most important cell in the photovoltaic industry.The preparation of cell materials requires cutting polycrystalline silicon ingots to silicon wafers.Nearly half of the crystalline silicon will enter the cutting fluid in the form of ultrafine powder during the cutting process,which will cause waste of silicon resources and environmental pollution.The cutting waste consists of 90%silicon powder and less Fe,Al,Ca and other impurities.At present,the research on the utilization of cutting wastes mainly focuses on the recovery of high purity silicon and the preparation of silicon-containing materials.Recovery of high purity silicon can realize the recycling of silicon resources from the end of production to the production side.However,the market requires a higher purity of silicon powder.In the purification process,it will produce higher energy consumption and secondary pollutants such as waste water and residue.Cutting waste materials can be directly used to prepare silicon containing materials such as alloys,ceramics,nanomaterials and battery materials,so as to obtain corresponding high value-added materials.However,there is still a large research space for product performance control and overall quality improvement.In this paper,the production process and composition characteristics of polycrystalline diamond cutting waste are briefly described,the cutting wastes recovery used for preparation of high purity silicon,silicon alloy,nitride,nanomaterials and cell materials are summarized,the technological characteristics of various high purity silicon recovery methods(acid leaching method,melting method and other new methods)are reviewed,and the future development direction of resource utilization is discussed.
作者
李小明
阮锦榜
臧旭媛
张馨艺
贺芸
张连增
邢相栋
LI Xiaoming;RUAN Jinbang;ZANG Xuyuan;ZHANG Xinyi;HE Yun;ZHANG Lianzeng;XING Xiangdong(School of Metallurgical Engineering,Xi an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第23期23229-23234,共6页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51774224)。
关键词
晶体硅
切割废料
资源化利用
crystalline silicon
cutting waste
resource utilization
