稀有金属钌的分离富集技术与分析方法的研究现状及展望被引量：6

Research Status and Prospect of Separation and Enrichment Technology and Analysis Method of Rare Metal Ruthenium

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摘要钌属于铂族金属,是铂族金属中研究和应用都较少的元素,常与其他铂族金属伴生。因钌在地壳中的含量十分稀少且矿石品位很低,导致其资源成本高,并使其成为被严格控制的战略资源,应用范围受到限制。然而,随着科学技术的迅速发展,钌的各种优异性能不断被发现,如高硬度、高强度、优异的催化活性、高导电性等,使其被广泛应用于电子、化工、电化学、航空航天等领域,使得市场对钌的需求量迅速增加。钌在自然界不仅含量少,且应用过程中会产生大量的二次资源钌废料,长此以往,必将导致我国钌资源供需失衡,最终影响我国科技发展和国家战略安全。随着全球贵金属回收与再利用产业的蓬勃发展,现已开发出多种高效分离回收钌的方法及精准检测钌的技术,对实现钌资源循环利用、扩展其应用范围、控制成本以及维护我国战略安全具有重要意义。长期以来,经过科学家们的不懈努力,钌的分离回收方法和检测技术已取得显著的成果。目前最常用的分离方法有离子交换法、萃取法、吸附法、沉淀法及离子印迹法等,检测方法有分光光度法、质量法、原子吸收光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体-质谱法、中子活化法、色谱法及原位法等。这些技术为我国循环经济和可持续发展的研究及应用提供了技术支撑。本文回顾了近年来有关钌的研究情况,结合当前发展现状对现有分离富集方法及分析方法展开综述,并对未来钌的分离回收技术及分析方法加以展望,以期为后期研究提供参考。 Ruthenium( Ru),one of the platinum group metal elements,and always present with other platinum group metals,is studied less compared with the others. Because there are few mineral containing Ru and the contents of Ru in ores are very low,Ru becomes very expensive and is treated as a strategic resource,which makes the scope of application limited. However,with the rapid development of science and technology,the remarkable properties of Ru such as high hardness,high strength,excellent catalytic activity,high conductivity are discovered constantly and applied in fields like electronics,chemical industries,electrochemistry,aerospace etc,leading to the demand increasing quickly.The content of Ru is not only low in nature,but also a large amount of secondary resource Ru waste will be generated during the application process,which will inevitably lead to an imbalance between the supply and demand of ruthenium resources in China,and ultimately affect the development of China’s science and technology and national security strategy. In recent times,however,there has been notable improvements in the development of the global precious metal recovery and reuse industry,a variety of efficient separation and recovery methods and precise detection technologies for ruthenium have also been developed,and are of great significance for achieving resource recycling,expanding the scope of application,controlling cost,and maintaining China’s strategic security.After a long time of unremitting efforts,the separation and recovery methods and the detection techniques of Ru have achieved a relatively high level. According to reports,the most commonly adopted separation methods include ion exchange,extraction,adsorption,precipitation and ion imprinting,etc.,and the detection methods include spectrophotometry,gravimetry,atomic absorption spectroscopy,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,and inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry,inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,neutron activation method,chromatography and in-situ monitoring,etc. These technologies provide technical support for the research and application of China’s circular economy and sustainable development.This paper reviews the research status of ruthenium in recent years,summarizes the existing separation and enrichment methods and analysis methods based on the current development status,and prospects the future separation and recovery technology and analysis methods of ruthenium,so as to provide reference for future research.

作者张小艳陈振斌李慧陈亚兰孙元李晓明 ZHANG Xiaoyan;CHEN Zhenbin;LI Hui;CHEN Yalan;SUN Yuan;LI Xiaoming(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;School of Foreign Languages,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110000,China;Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co.Ltd,Baiyin 730900,China;Baiyin Research Institute of Novel Materials of Lanzhou University of Technology,Baiyin 730900,China)