摘要
在新数据源与技术方法的支撑下,把握城市在场人口的时空分布特征,对于了解居民对城市资源时空配置的差异化需求和城市空间的精细化管理有重要意义。以北京中心城区为例,本文利用2017年连续4周的联通手机信令数据,以500 m×500 m尺度的栅格单元分析在场人口的分布、流动性及时段变化特征。研究结果表明:一、在场人口主要分布在六环以内,呈现"多组团状"分布,部分空间单元在场人口高达居住人口的6~38倍;二、在场人口的流动性形成依托环线的明显的圈层结构,二环以内的第一圈层随机流动性人口居多,二环至五环之间的第二圈层规律流动性人口居多,五环以外的第三圈层静止人口居多;三、北京市工作日在场人口较休息日更多,一天中局部空间的在场人口密度波动极大,并且各类典型城市空间具有鲜明的时段变化规律。最后,提出面向在场人口的城市设施配置及人口管理的思考和建议。
Residents’activities are not limited to the periphery of their residence in urban daily life.Therefore,the localized onsite population of the city is dynamic,which brings great influence on urban spatial structure and new challenges to urban space management and resource allocation.However,traditional census data and activity survey data only show the periodical changes of urban daily population at macro level and fail to reflect the actual onsite population and their mobility in the city.Hence,capturing the spatial-temporal characteristics of urban actual onsite population,especially under the support of new data sources and methods,is of great importance to urban resource allocation and high-granularity urban space management.This paper analyzes the distribution,mobility and temporal variation of actual onsite population in Beijing central city,aiming at revealing the spatial-temporal characteristics of onsite population and clarifying the key areas,key groups and key periods requiring special control,and also providing a reference for urban population management and spatial policy-making.Cell phone data with a duration of successive 4 weeks in 2017 were used to support a 500 m×500 m-gird research unit,which has high sample rate and fine time granularity.The results show that:Onsite population in Beijing are mainly located in central area inside the Sixth Ring Road,forming a multi-cluster distribution,and have formed a multicluster distribution.The highest ratio of actual onsite population to residential population can reach 6-38,which shows heavier population pressure than previous recognition.The actual onsite population is highly concentrated in the employment center,commercial center and transportation hubs,such as the CBD area,Wangfujing district,Zhongguancun district and units of Beijing South Railway Station,with an average daily onsite population of more than 40000 people per square kilometer.The actual onsite population could be further divided into random population,regular population and static population according to its mobility.The mobility of onsite population demonstrates a ring structure of Beijing.Units inside the Second Ring Road have high proportions of random population;units between the Fifth Ring Road and the Second Ring Road have high proportion of regular population;units outside the Fifth Ring Road have high proportion of static population.Localized onsite population has explicit temporal patterns:the onsite population size of Beijing is 13.9% larger in workdays than that in weekends,and its distribution show obvious characteristics of clustering and axis;the typical employment center and commercial center have larger onsite population in workdays than in weekends,and units of tourist attractions such as Beijing Olympic Sports Center and the Imperial Palace have the opposite situation;actual onsite population in some grids also fluctuate drastically during a day,which in peak hours can reach ten times or even dozens of times more than that in off-peak hours,with typical functional areas showing distinct regularity.Finally,suggestions with respect to urban resource allocation and population management with onsite population taken into consideration are proposed and discussed.The average daily onsite population and peak-hour onsite population should be taken into account in the allocation of high-grade public service facilities and transportation facilities;flexible space shall be reserved for energy supply and public service facilities in district or community with the peak-hour onsite population taken into consideration;the allocation of public service facilities serving the local residents could refer to the resident population,and could be adjusted according to the average daily onsite population.For actual onsite population management,areas with high onsite population density or high ratio of actual onsite population to residential population shall be focused on,and measures such as foot traffic early warning during peak hours shall be taken.
作者
韩滨鹂
任熙元
王德
HAN Binli;Ren XiYuan;WANG De
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2021年第5期104-112,共9页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41971206)。
关键词
在场人口
手机信令数据
流动性构成
时段特征
北京市
Onsite Population
Cell Phone Data
Mobility Structure
Temporal Feature
Beijing Municipality
