摘要
产业竞争力是决定未来中美关系新格局的重要因素,准确衡量两国产业竞争力的差异,有助于厘清当前及未来中美在双边经贸关系中的地位,并为中国制定过渡期内对美合作战略提供依据。考虑到内外资企业在应对外部冲击的反应、生产投入结构等多方面的差异,本文利用OECD公布的区分内外资的多区域投入产出表,测算了内外资企业的产业竞争力,并从增加值角度对竞争力指标进行了修正,结果表明:传统总值口径下计算的各行业产业竞争力指数存在不同程度的高估;各行业的内外资企业竞争力均存在不可忽视的差异;中美两国内资企业产业竞争力呈现明显的互补性,美国在大多数服务业和农林牧渔业产业竞争力较中国有明显的优势,而中国在主要的制造业,尤其是劳动密集型和资源密集型制造业产业竞争力较强;与总值口径相比,增加值口径测算的中美两国产业竞争力差距明显扩大。
Industrial competitiveness is an important factor in determining the new pattern of Sino-U.S. relations in the future. Accurately measuring the differences in industrial competitiveness between the two countries can help clarify the current and future positions of China and the U.S. in bilateral economic and trade relations and provide a basis for China to formulate its cooperation strategy with the U.S. during the transition period. Considering the differences between domestic and foreign enterprises in terms of their responses to external shocks and production input structures, this paper measures the industrial competitiveness of domestic and foreign enterprises using the multi-regional input-output tables published by OECD, which distinguish between domestic and foreign enterprises, and corrects the competitiveness indexes from the perspective of value added, and the results show that: the industrial competitiveness indexes of each industry calculated in the gross term were overestimated;There are non-negligible differences in the competitiveness of domestic and foreign enterprises in each industry;the industrial competitiveness of domestic enterprises in China and the U.S. shows obvious complementarity, with the U.S. having obvious advantages over China in most service industries and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industries, while China is more competitive in major manufacturing industries, especially labor-intensive and resource-intensive manufacturing industries;compared with the gross value caliber, the gap between the competitiveness of industries in China and the United States measured by the value-added caliber has widened significantly.
出处
《宏观经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第9期161-175,共15页
Macroeconomics
关键词
产业竞争力
投入产出分析
企业异质性
Industrial competitiveness
Input and output analysis
Firm heterogeneity
